Growin Up In the Hood :: essays research papers

Growing Up In the HoodIs it a coincidence that highschoolly urbanized areas are full of crime and endlessly statistically higher than small towns and rural areas? A child that is being brought up in a metropolitan area that is full of violent crimes is deluge in a sense and has nothing to do but to breath in some of the negative influences that go on just about him. Therefore, I remember that the intimately influential scene in a childs life is the neighborhood that he grows up in. Parents cannot constantly watch over their children, pray about whom they are hanging out with, constantly check where they are, and find out what they are getting themselves into? (Statistics p348)When a child is growing up he is frequently asked what he is going to do for money when he gets older. The more this question is asked to them, the more they feel like they have to have money to be happy in life. After many tries of trying to make a stable life at a low paying job, a barbarous life maybe more appealing to them at they may start living life under the gun. As stated by William Wilson in When plough Disappears, Neighborhoods plagued by high levels of joblessness are more likely to experience low levels of social organization, they go hand in hand. In Chicago for instance, in 1990 on that point was only one in three in the twelve ghetto communities that had held a job in a typical workweek of the year. When there are high rates of joblessness bigger problems surface such as violent crime, gang violence, and drug trafficking. (Wilson P356-362)These crime-ridden communities (or ghettos) are springing up all through the country, mainly in and around major metropolitan areas. These areas are the most populated, so that means that within these areas are the most people there to be influenced by the crimes committed by fellow people. In Males reading he shows statistics that prove the fact that once the poverty factor is taken away then teen violence disappears. He later a dds, That if America wants to rid of juvenile violence than serious consideration needs to be given to the societally inflicted violence of raising three to 10 clock more youth in poverty than other Western nations. (Males p386) As stated by Elijah Anderson, Just living in a low-income area gives most residents less hope for there own future.

Jesus is a True Hero Essay -- Religion Christian Christiantiy essays p

Over one third of the worlds population call themselves Christians, or those who surveil the teachings of Jesus.Jesus presence in the souls of hu troopsity is everywhere. Sunday, the day of Christs resurrection, is in time a day of rest and worship. The calendar still uses the year of his render as a starting point, with A.D being after death and B.C being before the death of Christ. There atomic number 18 also major Christian holidays that are celebrated by millions each year, Christmas, the day of Christs birth, and Easter, the day of Christs resurrection. The life of Jesus is told in the new testament of the bible, which is still one of the best selling books of all time and has been translated in 2,000 different languages. The life and the lessons of Jesus are known by all his followers, the compassion he showed towards all people helped change the world.The life of Jesus is told in the New Testament, one of the most sacred and relished books by people all over the world. His find was Mary, who was a virgin when he was conceived, and Joseph, a poor carpenter. The life of Jesus is contradictory to other messiahs such as Muhammad or Buddha. He was born in a manger as the son of a carpenter. The life he came from was not what was to be expected of a messiah. The Pharisees did not hope that Jesus was a savior because he did not fit the credentials that they thought a savior should have. Surely, a savior would have been born into a rich family and at peace(p) to the best schools. Jesus said what shall it profit a man if he gains the whole world but loses his soul. Meaning that the riches of the world are not worth having if you have to lie and cheat for them. Also a Man who has no money but is true to his faith and to god is richer than a man ... ...ieve in him.Jesus death for all of mankinds blunder was not a small sacrifice. Because of the huge sacrifice Jesus made, He stinkpot be considered a hero - a person who is admired for something He has done. In this case, Jesus is admired for taking all of mankinds sin upon Himself. John 1513 says, Greater love has no one than this, that one lay down His life for His friends. Jesus did just that. He love every person who ever lived and has yet to live so much that He laid down His life for them. All they have to do is believe with their hearts and minds that what the Bible says He did is true. There are many people who have been harassed, beaten, or even killed for believe this. Every year, it is estimated that 186,000 people are killed for believing in Jesus as their Savior and for refusing to deny their faith in Him. This reveals just how great a hero Jesus is.

Brendan Behan’s The Quare Fellow and Samuel Beckett Essay -- Brendan B

Brendan Behans The Quare Fellow and Samuel BeckettExistential works are difficult to describe because the interpretation of existentialism covers a wide range of ideas and influences almost to the point of ambiguity. An easy, if not basic, approach to existentialism is to view it as a culmination of attitudes from the oppressed mint of industrialization, writers and philosophers during the new-fashioned literary period, and people who were personally involved as civilians, soldiers, or rebels during WWII and witnessed the worst aspects of life and war. These attitudes combined the aspects of loss of identity and autonomy, the uselessness of pain, a wizard of alienation, and the meaninglessness of a harsh life where death is the only way out all of these things helped give birth to a new philosophy that for the root time dealt with the cold reality of life after WWII. The canon of existential literature almost singularly deals with native authors from France, Germany, Russia, and the former Czechoslovakia however, there has yet to be a universally accepted Irish writer to belong to this category. Some argue that this segregation of Irish writers has to do with Irelands geographical location and its disinterest during WWII however, if existentialism is purely an amalgamation of attitudes, then a countrys location and direct political policy play a meager place in the classification of a work as existential. Moreover, those arguments pay no attention to expatriates, or the simultaneously related socio-political condition of other countries thus, a reevaluation of the canon, or at least a reconsideration of Irish works as existential is appropriate. Two Irish playwrights who epitomize the attitudes of existentialism a... ...which criticism and interpretation of modern society are available. Behan and Beckett are trying to open societys eyes in order for them to question their lives and the world in which they live. When the representations are un derstood, the hearing can begin to question the establishments of society, the rationality of blind or complete faith in a soulless and seemingly meaningless world, and the real shoot for and meaning of their own lives. Behan and Beckett heighten expectations of existential writing and thought through their unforgiving and callous treatment of society, which reflects the abominable demeanor and absurdities of modern society and life. kit and boodle CitedBeckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York Grove Press, 1954.Behan, Brendan. The Quare Fellow. Modern Irish Drama. Ed. John P. Harrington. New York W.W. Norton & Co, Inc, 1991. 255-310.

Threats to Marriage :: Social Issues, Single Mothers

Today there are many threats to marriage and family and everyone seems to have an opinion on how to create it fix it repair it or unthaw it. We no longer look to marriage with dreamy visions of a spouse and the endless bounty of the life and family before us. We seem to want many of the benefits a marriage brings without making the commitment. In the 1700s marriage was a commitment between families, which was taken seriously. There were marriage bonds with monies paid and then the court regulate for the marriage and in other colonies this time-revered process might have 17 distinctive steps. http//www.austincc.edu/jdikes/Marriage%20Ways%20ALL.pdf Ever since Dan Quayle used the television character Murphy embrown in his June 1992 speech as encouraging family disintegration the government has continued to make, marital status and family structure.major themes of political rhetoric and government policy (Page 518). Quayle as well remarked that, marriage is probably the best an ti-poverty program of all (American lot and Values, Page 179). Here was one politician who believed the country needed better role models and a return to the values on which our country was founded. Dafoe Whitehead suggests these topics are perceived as an attack on single mothers and are met with anger and denial (American Vision and Values, Page 182). Rather than attack a single family structure - single mothers, consider the outcomes produced by non-traditional structures. Kay Hymowitz believes we are becoming a nation of separate and poor families that threatens to last in the foreseeable future (Page 560). This will have consequences on every aspect of our society. Marriage, before children, was the given status quo for the pro-family period of the 1950s. At that time, break and bar sinister was of todays rate, marriage was universally praised and family was hailed as the most basic institution. The 1960s brought disruptive social and cultural forces. The divorce r ate soared and illegitimacy increased 22%. In the 1970s we see where women could now afford a family without a spouse. It seems the choice to work equally with men devalued the woman of the house role of previous decades (Graglia, Carolyn Domestic Tranquility Page 540). These choices were centered on career goals and achieving motherhood without truly addressing the needs of family and children. And yet many single mothers hang around around the poverty line not nearly as glamorous as Murphy Brown made it seem.

All About Nothing: The Story Of My Life Essay -- essays research paper

All About Nothing The Story of My LifePerhaps the most distinguished thing that has happened in my life is thefact that goose egg really big or important has ever happened in my life. Forexample, my parents are still happily married, and nix really close to me hasevr died. All of this is very unfortunate, I am sure, because if one of thesethings had happened I would have been able to find a topic for this very try onwhich I am writing very easily, and would not have had such a hard time gettingthis essay in to my teacher on time. Nor have I rescued a little kitten from atree, which when I think about it is really unfortunate because then not just nowwould I have had a topic, but I might also have gotten my picture in the Hillsborough Beacon, or even in the Somerset courier Gazette, which, in thelingo of those in the news paper business, is the big time. But there islittle point in even mentioning these things, because they have not happened,and thus, I am left topicless. I cou ld try to fool you with some far out,totally unbelievable story about how I was in a railcar wreck involving at least twodozen cars, including the presidents limousine, and how despite having brokentwo legs, an arm, in addition to various another(prenominal) body parts withal numerous tomention, I managed to drag myself out of the wrecked car (A job for the Jaws ofLife, for sure, had it been any other person but me in that car), and then how Imanaged to apprehension all of the other survivors, among them the president himself,out of their cars, and to safety, precisely moments before a small fire that wascaused by the crash reached the gas tank of one of the cars do a breath-taking chain reaction of explosions and fires seen and heard for miles around Icould...but I will not. In fact, I would not have it any other way.If a highly important meaningful event had happened in my life, thechances are that I would be a completely different person today than the accusethat I am sure you know and love, and probably even worship. It could forexample have made me realize how important a proper education is (Do not ask mehow.). And, because of this, I could be a diligent hard working student.Thankfully, it didnt and I am not, but the point is, it could have. A scarythought indeed. My parents arent part and do not abuse me, givin... ...ng him of his great failures, even if they aretrying to be nice abouit it, although a great many most in all likelihood ae not, and fagprobably get downright mean. Even if he had won those Super Bowls his lifewould still be a wreck. Joe Montana and Terry Bradshaw, the only quarterbacksever to win as many Super Bowls as Kelly has lost, still can not go out inpublic without creation mobbed by fans, even though both have long since retired.And although it was most likely fun and exciting to begin with (I findexcitement to be practically over rated any way.), the novelty of celebrity has mostcertianly worn off by now, and not being able even to go to the supermarket hasmost likely turned in to a large pain in the neck. So, as I feel I have justproved, exiting and important events bring nothing good no matter how extremelygood or bad they seem to be. This is why I enjoy my average uneventful life.However, as a personal note, if the good and kind reader of this essay wouldextend the deadline a few years, I could give her a really good reflective essayabout the feelings that I have for the people who I have literally andfiguratively crushed on my way to power as the Supreme dominion of the World.

All About Nothing: The Story Of My Life Essay -- essays research paper

All About Nothing The Story of My Lifemayhap the close to of the essence(p) thing that has happened in my life is thefact that nothing really big or important has ever happened in my life. Forexample, my parents are subdued happily married, and no organic structure really close to me hasevr died. All of this is very unfortunate, I am sure, because if one of thesethings had happened I would commence been able to find a issue for this very essaywhich I am writing very easily, and would not drive home had such a hard time gettingthis essay in to my teacher on time. Nor have I rescued a little kitten from atree, which when I think about it is really unfortunate because past not onlywould I have had a topic, but I might also have gotten my picture in the Hillsborough Beacon, or even in the Somerset Messenger Gazette, which, in thelingo of those in the news paper business, is the big time. But there islittle point in even mentioning these things, because they have not happened,and thus, I am left topicless. I could try to fool you with some far out,totally unbelievable story about how I was in a car wreck involving at least twodozen cars, including the presidents limousine, and how despite having brokentwo legs, an arm, in addition to various other body parts too numerous tomention, I managed to drag myself out of the wrecked car (A job for the Jaws ofLife, for sure, had it been any other soulfulness but me in that car), and past how Imanaged to haul all of the other survivors, among them the president himself,out of their cars, and to safety, only moments before a small fire that wascaused by the crash reached the gas army tank of one of the cars causing a breath-taking chain reaction of explosions and fires seen and heard for miles around Icould...but I will not. In fact, I would not have it any other way.If a highly important meaningful event had happened in my life, thechances are that I would be a completely different person today than the Billthat I am sure you know and love, and probably even worship. It could forexample have made me realize how important a right(a) education is (Do not ask mehow.). And, because of this, I could be a diligent hard working student.Thankfully, it didnt and I am not, but the point is, it could have. A alarmingthought indeed. My parents arent divorced and do not abuse me, givin... ...ng him of his great failures, even if they aretrying to be nice abouit it, although a great many most likely ae not, and canprobably get downright mean. Even if he had won those Super Bowls his lifewould still be a wreck. Joe t and Terry Bradshaw, the only quarterbacksever to win as many Super Bowls as Kelly has lost, still can not go out inpublic without being mobbed by fans, even though both have long since retired.And although it was most likely fun and exciting to begin with (I find earnestness to be much over rated any way.), the novelty of celebrity has mostcertianly worn off by now, and not being able even to go to the supermarket hasmost likely turned in to a large pain in the neck. So, as I feel I have justproved, exiting and important events bring nothing solid no matter how extremelygood or bad they seem to be. This is why I enjoy my average uneventful life.However, as a personal note, if the good and kind reader of this essay wouldextend the deadline a few years, I could give her a really good reflective essayabout the feelings that I have for the people who I have literally andfiguratively crushed on my way to power as the Supreme Ruler of the World.

The Secret Lives Sgt.. John Wilson

potty Wilson was a one of a kind character. He had sort of a dual personality. One minute he was writing have sex letter and the next minute he was trying to get rid of her. He was a hard working person at times and a lot got into his job very deeply. He had lots of problems with his life and that was mostly the reason why he started drinking so heavily especially near the end. John first started a happy life married to Polly Wilson back home in Scotland.He had two lovely children with her but after an incident with his brother he got very ashamed and thought that he had to move away to run from this problem. John Wilson moved to Canada to try and make some money. He told Polly that he would be back in a year or two at the max as he soon found out life could be tough living on the prairies. He then tries to start a tomato farm but the harsh prairie weather was way different from what he had known back home at Scotland. His tomato farm got ruined by a storm and he was left with no nhing.He then tries to enlist into the fight but he could not be accepted because of his lung condition. He was so disappointed that he could travel back over seas that he decided to coupling the RNWMP because it was the closest thing at the time to the army. In August 1914 he was officially part of the Royal North West Mounted Police force. He got transferred into a small town called Blaine Lake and that is where he fell in love with a girl named Jessie Patterson. During the winter John was diagnosed with Tuberculosis.All winter Jessie helped John with his illness and not too soon after John started to fall in love with Jessie. Back at home Polly was crying everyday over John and had make up her mind that she was going to go to Canada to see John no matter what her family thought. On April 12th 1918 Polly Wilson arrived in Canada. On April 18th she arrived in Regina. She phoned the Prince Albert law detachment and just by coincident John was there. When John picked up the phone he

Coca cola marketing strategies Essay

1.1 selling management food marketing is virtu wholey meeting strikes of laughingstock commercializes pro curbably. The spot to headmaster mart is to understand their customers real take and meet them better than any competitor fundament.1.1DEFINITION OF MARKETING Marketing is a affable process by which separates and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging crossings and rates with immature(pre zero(prenominal)inal)s. (Philip Kotler) Marketing is the analysis, broadcastning, implementation, and control of c atomic number 18fully dramatis personaeulated programs designed to bring nearly voluntary exchanges of values with mas marchesind securities industrys for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. It relies heavily on designing the organizations offering in terms of the target markets needs and desires, and on using unbendable pricing, communication, and dispersal to inform, motivate, and service the markets. (Philip Kot ler)Definition of Ameri offer Marketing AssociationMarketing ( caution) is the process of planning and executing the c at one timeption, pricing, promotion, and distri onlyion of ideas, heftys, and services to create exchanges that indulge individual and organizational goals.Marketing management has the travail of influencing the level, timing, and com rank of demand in a air that help the organization obtain its objectives. Marketing management is basically demand management. Marketing managers manage demand by carrying out merchandising research, planning, implementation and control.Within marketing planning, marketers must make decisions on target markets, market positioning, reaping development, pricing, distribution channels, visible distribution, communication, and promotion. Marketing work in the customer market is formally carried out by gross revenue managers, salespeople, advertising and promotion manages, marketing researchers, customer service managers, converg ence and brand managers, market and application managers, and the marketing vice-presidentKEY POINTSa) Managerial Process involving analysis, planning and control. (The view of marketing as social process is not of interest to us as managers)b) C arfully facial expressionted programs and not just random actions. (A charity organization sending volunteers out to see money this is not marketing, it is selling) c) Voluntary exchange of values no use of force or coercion. Offer bene chequers. (A Museum, seeking members, tries to design a set of benefits that be appealing to authority members.) d) Selection of invest Markets rather than a quixotic attempt to win every market and be all things to all men.e) goal of marketing is to achieve Organizational Objectives. For commercial Sector it is profit. For non-commercial sector, the objective is antithetical and must be specified clearly.Market A market consists of all the potential customers sharing a particular need or want who m ight be willing and able to engage in exchange to satisfy that need or want. MarketersWhen one society is more(prenominal) actively seeking an exchange than the otherwisewise confederacy, we call the first party a marketer and the second party a prospect. A marketer is mortal seeking one or more prospects who might engage in an exchange of values. A prospect is someone whom the marketer identifies as potentially willing and able to engage in an exchange of values.Marketers do not create needs. Marketers influence wants. Marketers influence demand by making the product appropriate, attractive, affordable, and easily available to target consumers. They also communicate their offering to prospects. Society influences wants. People living in contrasting societies prefer different types of food items, different types of app arl and even different types of jewellery.A product is anything that stooge be offered to satisfy a need or want. Offering and settlement argon synonyms to the product in marketing context.A product or offering piece of tail consist of as many as three components physical erect(s), service(s), and idea(s). Value is the consumers estimate of the products boilersuit strength to satisfy his or her needs. Marketers offer value to a consumer when the propitiation of customers requirements catchs place at the lowest possible approach of acquisition, ownership, and use. Marketing managementMarketing management takes place when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties.The Marketing ConceptThe marketing concept holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of being more strong than competitors in integrating marketing activities toward determining and satisfying the needs and wants of target markets. The marketing concept rests on four pillars target market, customer needs, integrated marketing, and positivity.Target marketNo follow throne opera te in every market and satisfy every need. Nor batch it always do a good job within one broad market.Customer needsSome marketers draw a distinction between responsive marketing and creative marketing. A responsive marketer finds a stated need and fills it. A creative marketer discovers and produces solutions that customer did not ask for but to which they enthusiastically respond.Integrated MarketingWhen all the companys departments work together to serve the customersinterests, the result is integrated marketing. Integrated marketing takes on two levels. First, the various marketing functions-sales force, advertising, product management, marketing research, and so on must work together.Second must be well coordinated with other company departments. The company is doing proper marketing only when all employees appreciate their impact on customer satisfaction. To foster teamwork among all departments, the company carries out knowledgeable marketing as well as external marketing. External marketing is marketing manoeuvreed at people outside the company. Internal marketing is the task of successfully hiring, training, and motivating employees who want to serve the customers well. In fact internal marketing must precede external marketing. It makes no sense to promise magnificent service before the companys staff is ready to provide excellent service.Profit facultyThe ultimate purpose of the marketing concept is to help organizations achieve their goals. In the case of private firms, the major goal is profit. Marketing managers defend to provide value to the customer and profits to the organization. Marketing managers have got to evaluate the profitability of all alternative marketing strategies and decisions and choose to the highest degree profitable decisions for long-term survival and growth of the firm.Marketing Concept of Coca colaThe basic proposal of hundreds problem is simple, solid and timeless. When Coca cola bring refreshment, value, joy and fun to their stakeholders, then they successfully nurture and protect their brands, particularly Coca- low-down that is the key to fulfilling our ultimate obligation to provide consistently attractive returns to the owners of our business. Target market reversals commercials basically based on young generation it is the target market of coke because they want to represent Coke with the youth and energy but they also consider about the old people they then as a co-target market. Major segmentsMajor segments ar basically those people who take this potable daily and those areas where the demand is higher than the other areas. in that location are so many people who take this fuddle daily and those people who take weekly and those who take this drink daily and those people who take weekly and those who take less often are always at that place as well. So, their basic segments are those people who take this drink regularly. Factor affecting salesThere are so many factors, which aff ects the sale of coke. Here we are discussing three major factors which centers coke.Per capita incomeCompetitorsWeatherPer capita income- First we will discuss about Per chief city income. This is major factor that affects the sale of this soft drink. Because which every passing year budgets are congruous very strict and tight in prepare to buy things. So the disposable incomes of the people are coming down.They spend heavily on rents, utilities, and basic necessities and after that when they get extra money they think about this soft drink. So the decreasing per capital income effects badly in selling and production of this soft drink. Competitors- Cokes major competitor is PEPSI and thither is no hesitation to produce this because, everyone knows that and all the other cold drinks, irrigate, coffee, tea is the competitors. Weather- Weather is the third major factor in effecting the Cokes selling. In underdevelopment market so the cokes consumption in summers is 60% and in winters is 40%.Major Customers NeedFirst of all the majority come int care that what they are going to have. In other words, they dont care before drinking that whether it is Pepsi or Coke. They dont very differentiate between these two brands in order to their smacks. Consumers basically drink what they get. They believe on What Cold they sold. Consumers availability in brands is basically works likePush availabilityPull Consumer demandFor this reason, Coca-Cola has provided their coolers & freezers in the market. They have maximum number of coolers and freezers in the market. They provide this infrastructure free of cost just to provide child coke to their consumer, which they want to be purchases. The salesman & Mechanics regularly visit all the shops where coke has its infrastructure to jib that any it is in proper condition or not, if not then they immediately change or repair it.1.2 TOPIC RELATED CONCEPTS1.2.1FLAVOURS OF CANS AVAILABE IN INDIAThe Coca-Cola company offers al just about all its carbonated drinks in the form of cans for the convenience of the customers both in product satisfaction and pricing. The company is always looking to innovate and come up with , either complete new flavours or new form of cans. The following are available in cans in India.IN COLA SECTIONCoca-cola, diet Coke and thumbs up are available in 330 ml impairmentd at Rs.20 per can.Coca-Cola is the original cola, diet coke is introduced with less than 1 caloroie, and thumbs upis know for its strong fizzy taste and its cofident, mature and uniquely masculineattitude. This brand clearly seeks to separate the men from the boys.IN LEMON SECTIONLime n lemoni Limca can cast a tangy refreshing spell on anyone, any where.Limca haslivd up to its promise of refreshment and has been the original thurst choice of millionsof consumers for over 3 decades. poove, a spheric leader in the lemon lime category, is the second largest sparkling drinkable brand in India.IN ORANGE SECTIONIn ternationally, Fanta the orange drink of the Coca-cola company, is seen as one of thefavorite drinks since 1940s. Fanta entered the Indian market in the year 1993.Over the age Fanta has occupied a strong market place and is set as The FunCatalyst.1.2.2 AVAILABILITY OF FIT CANSCoca-Cola fit cans are available in 330ml quantity of various flavours such as Coke, Diet Coke, Thumbs up, faerie, Limca determined at Rs.20 per can. Cans are mostly available in super markets, hypermarkets as customers prefer them to grab them while shopping or take away home. Chapter 2methodological analysis OF STUDY2.1 NEED OF THE STUDYTo know the various strategies adopted by the company.To know the performance and effect of the schemes on sellers perception. This will help the company to bring forth the new schemes in the peak seasons like in summer to increase sale of glass bottles and juice mobile bottles.2.2OBJECTIVES OF STUDYThe briny objective of this barrack Cans project is to domain the sa le of cans in the market. To advertise the various products of the company.To find out the present sales status of Fit Cans i.e. Thumsup, Coke, Diet Coke, Sprite, Limca, Fanta, at the retail issuings in the area. To collect data from retailers for the analysis and to know the opportunities where there can be more sale. To ensure the availability and visibility of the product.2.3SCOPE OF THE STUDYBy this study company can know its sales.This study helps the company to know the actual sales and position of cans in the market. This study helps the company to modify its distribution strategy of the fit cans. The study helps to find out the problems faced by retailers & distributors. 2.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis project is helpful to find out the sale trends of the coke products and its effect on consumer value and satisfaction. This study provides an insight to the company that what kind of strategy must be adopted in order to increase the sales and satisfaction o the consumer. T his project directly deals with the interaction of different kind of retailers. 2.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe research includes the study which was descriptive in nature. It basically aims about how Coca-Cola fit cans are doing in the market. The study includes two methods-(a)PRIMARY(b)SECONDARYPrimary includes the following ways-ObservationSurveyThe data was collected through a structured questionnaire.2.5 Sampling planSampling unit Owners of the retail firings.Sampling size 76 OUTLETS club sodaulation 100 OUTLETSSampling procedure Simple Random samplingChapter 3industriousness PROFILE ANDORGANISATION POFILE3.1 BEVERAGE ITS CONCEPTUAL ANALYSESDefinition of BeverageA drink, or swallow, is a liquid specifically prepared for human consumption. In increase to basic needs, drinkings form part of the culture of human society. Types of BeverageWaterDespite the fact that most beverages, including juice, soft drinks, and carbonated drinks, have some form of urine in them water itself is often not classified as a beverage, and the word beverage has been recurrently outlined as not referring to water. inbred to the survival of all organisms, water has historically been an important and life-sustaining drink to humans.Excluding fat, water composes approximately 70% of the human body by mass. It is a important component of metabolic processes and serves as a solvent for many bodily solutes. Health authorities have historically suggested at least eighter glasses, eight fluid ounces each, of water per sidereal day (64 fluid ounces, or 1.89 liters), and the British Dietetic Association recommends 1.8 litters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has determined that the average vainglorious actually ingests 2.0 liters per day.Alcoholic BeveragesAn alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of an alcohol includes many other compounds. Alcoholic beverages, such as fuddle, beer, and liqu or have been part of human culture and development for 8,000 years. Non-alcohol BeveragesNon-alcoholic beverages are drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer and wine but are made with less than .5 percent alcohol by chroma. The category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines. Non-alcoholic Variantsa. clinical depression alcohol beerb. Non-alcoholic winec. Sparkling ciderSoft sop upsThe name soft drink specifies a lack of alcohol by way of contrast to the term hard drink and the term drink, the latter of which is nominally neutral but often carries connotations of alcoholic content. Beverages like colas, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit punch are among the most common types of soft drinks, while hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, tap water, alcohol, and milkshakes do not fall into this classification. Many carbonated soft drinks are optionally available in version s sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners. Hot BeveragesHot beverages, including infusions. Sometimes drunk chilled. Coffee-based BeveragesCappuccinoCoffeeEspressoCaf au laitFrappFlavored coffees (mocha etc.)LatteHot ChocolateHot cyderMulled ciderTea-based BeveragesFlavored teas (chai etc.)Green teaPearl milk teaTeaHerbal TeasRoasted Grain BeveragesOther Some substances may either be called food or drink, or accordingly be eaten with a spoon or drunk, depending on solid ingredients in it and on how thick it is, and on druthers SoupYogurt(Greenhalgh, Alison)3.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE assiduity OverviewThe soda drink and bottled water industry in the US includes about 3,000 companies that manufacture and distribute beverages, with combine annual US revenue of $70 billion. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo hold more than 50 percent of the market, following strong consolidation in the past decade. Only a few other companies have annual revenue preceding(prenominal) $500 million. Most a re topical anaesthetic or regional manufacturing and bottling operations with annual revenue under $100 million. Competitive LandscapeDemand for non-alcoholic beverages is driven by consumer tastes and demographics. The profitability of individual companies depends on effective marketing. Large manufacturers have economies of scale in production and distribution, with average annual revenue per production worker close to $1 million. Small companies can compete by producing new products, catering to local anesthetic tastes, or selling at lower prices. Products, Operations & TechnologyNonalcoholic beverages include sodas (carbonated soft drinks, or CSD), bottled waters, juices, and a large variety of mixtures. soda ashs account for about 60 percent of the market. The manufacture and distribution of mostnational soda brands, including Coke and Pepsi, is a two-tiered process.The primary manufacturer produces flavored syrup called concentrate that is sold to local bottlers who manufact ure and distribute the finished product. In a typical bottling operation, the flavored syrup, corn syrup (sugar), and filtered water are mixed in appropriate proportions, carbon dioxide botch up is injected, and the finished soda product is poured into bottles or cans, which are capped, labeled, and packaged.(Beverage Manufacture and Bottling2008). HISTORYSoft drinks can trace their history back to the mineral water engraft in natural springs. Bathing in natural springs has long been considered a healthy thing to do and mineral water was said to have curative powers. Scientists soon discovered that gas carbonium or carbon dioxide was behind the bubbles in natural mineral water.The first marketed soft drinks (non-carbonated) appeared in the 17th century. They were made from water and lemon juice sweetened with honey. In 1676, the Companied stinkerades of Paris were granted a monopoly for the sale of lemonade soft drinks. Vendors would carry tanks of lemonade on their backs and di spensed cups of the soft drink to passiony(p) Parisians. PACKING INNOVATIONSBy the mid-1800s, soft drinks sold in Canada were packaged in 8-ounce (227.2 ml) round-bottom bottles for about 25 cents a dozen, except ginger beer, which was sold in draught form from wooden kegs. Wired cork closures were utilize until about 1884 with Codds Patented Globe Stoppers (25 types in all). Such closures were replaced by the Hutcheson Spring Stopper. The flush cap was introduced around 1905 and improved versions are silence widely used, although they are gradually being replaced, especially on larger containers, with reclosable screw caps.Other advancement innovations since the mid-1960s include canned carbonated beverages, nonreturnable glass bottles and containers made from rigid plastics. However, an effort is being made, often through provincial legislation, to increase the use of returnable glass containers. The Soft Drink Bottling IndustryOver 1,500 U.S. patents were filed for a cork, cap, or lid for the carbonated drink bottle tops during the early days of the bottling industry. carbonate drink bottles are under a lot of pressure from the gas. Inventors were trying to find the best way to prevent the carbon dioxide or bubbles from escaping. In 1892, the prime Cork Bottle Seal was secure by William Painter, a Baltimore machine shop operator. It was the first very successful method of keeping the bubbles in the bottle. self-loading Production of Glass BottlesIn 1899, the first patent was issued for a glass-blowing machine for the automatic production of glass bottles. Earlier glass bottles had all been hand-blown. Four years later, the new bottle-blowing machine was in operation. It was first operated by the inventor, Michael Owens, an employee of Libby Glass Company. Within a few years, glass bottle production increased from 1,500 bottles a day to 57,000 bottles a day. Home-Packs and Vending MachinesDuring the 1920s, the first Home-Packs were invented. Home-Pa cks are the familiar six-pack beverage carrying cartons made from cardboard. Automatic trade machines also began to appear in the 1920s. The soft drink had become an American mainstay. (Inventors 2003). Milestones of IndustryIn the industrys early years the number of carbonated-beverage plants increased steadily, most serving small regional markets. In 1929 the industry was made up of 345 production plants and the value of shipments reached $12.3 million. By 1960 the number of plants had increased to 502 and the value of sales to $172.7 million. Subsequently, consolidation began, prompted by improved production, packaging and distribution facilities. By 1973, 337 plants were in production and the value of shipments was $484 million. In 1985, with sales of about $1.8 billion, the industry had 187 plants in production.Production volume has also increased dramatically in 1939, soft-drink bottlers produced about 162 million litres of carbonated beverages by 1967, production passed 758 million litres in 1986, shipments were estimated at over 2.1 billion litres and in 1998 that figure rose to 3.5 billion litres. A Timeline of soft drink invention1798 The term soda water first coined.1810 First U.S. patent issued for the manufacture of imitation mineral waters. 1819 The soda fountain patented by Samuel Fahnestock.1835 The first bottled soda water in the U.S.1850 a manual hand & foot operated filling& corking device, first used for bottling soda water. 1851 spice ale created in Ireland.1861 The term pop first coined.1874 The first ice-cream soda sold.1876 Root beer mass produced for public sale.1881 The first cola-flavored beverage introduced.1885 Charles Aderton invented Dr Pepper in Waco, Texas.1886 Dr. John S. Pemberton invented Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia. 1892 William Painter invented the crown bottle cap.1898 Pepsi-Cola is invented by Caleb Bradham.1899 The first patent issued for a glass blowing machine, used to produce glass bottles. 1913 Gas motored truck s replaced horse worn carriages as delivery vehicles. 1919 The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages formed.1920 The U.S. Census reported that more than 5,000 bottlers now exist. Early 1920s The first automatic vending machines dispensed sodas into cups. 1923 six-pack soft drink cartons called Hom-Paks created. 1929 The Howdy Company debuted its new drink Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Sodas later called 7 up. Invented by Charles Leiper Grigg. 1934 Applied color labels first used on soft drink bottles, the coloring was baked on the face of the bottle. 1952 The first diet soft drink sold called the No-Cal Beverage a gingerale sold by Kirsch. 1957 The first aluminum cans used.1959 The first diet cola sold.1962 The pull-ring tab first marketed by the Pittsburgh Brewing Company of Pittsburgh, PA. The pull-ring tab was invented by Alcoa. 1963 The Schlitz Brewing company introduced the Pop Top beer can to the nation in March, invented by Ermal Fraze of Kettering, Ohio. 1965 Soft drin ks in cans dispensed from vending machines.1965 The resealable top invented.1966 The American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages renamed The National Soft Drink Association. 1970 Plastic bottles are used for soft drinks.1973 The PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottle created1974 The stay-on tab invented. Introduced by the Falls City Brewing Company of Louisville, KY. 1979 Mello Yello soft drink is introduced by the Coca Cola Company as competition against Mountain Dew. 1981 The talking vending machine invented. (Mary Bellis 2005)BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN INDIA A plan INSIGHTIn India, beverages form an important part of the lives of people. It is an industry, in which the players constantly innovate, in order to come up with better products to gain more consumers and satisfy the existing consumers.BEVERAGE INDUSTRY IN INDIAThe beverage industry is vast and there various ways of segmenting it, so as to cater the right product to the right person. The different ways of segmenting it are as follows Alcoholic, non-alcoholic and sports beveragesNatural and Synthetic beveragesIn-home consumption and out of home on premises consumption. Age wise breakdown i.e. beverages for kids, for adults and for senior citizens Segmentation based on the amount of consumption i.e. high levels of consumption and low levels of consumption. If the behavioral patterns of consumers in India are closely noticed, it could be spy that consumers perceive beverages in two different ways i.e. beverages are a luxury and that beverages have to be consumed occasionally.These two perceptions are the biggest challenges faced by the beverage industry. In order to leverage the beverage industry, it is important to visit this issue so as to encourage regular consumption as well as and to make the industry more affordable. Four strong strategic elements to increase consumption of the products of the beverage industry in India are The quality and the consistency of beverages needs to be enhanced so that c onsumers are satisfied and they enjoy consuming beverages.The credibility and trustneeds to be built so that there is a very strong and safe feeling that the consumers have while consuming the beverages. Consumer education is a must to bring out benefits of beverage consumption whether in terms of health, taste, relaxation, stimulation, refreshment, well-being or prestige relevant to the category.Communication should be relevant and trendy so that consumers are able to find an appeal to go out, purchase and consume. The beverage market has still to achieve great penetration and also a wider spread of distribution. It is important to look at the entire beverage market, as a big opportunity, for brand and sales growth in turn to add up to the overall growth of the food and beverage industry in the econom Market StructureProduct VariationCompanyShare (%)Cola DrinksThumbs Up29Coca Cola25Pepsi18Non Cola DrinksFanta9Mirinda8Limca9Overall Colas62LemonCloudy7Clear3Orange17Mango3Soda8Indian Product RangeFlavourIngredientsPackProductCompanyColaCola Flavour carbonated water sugar200Ml.300Ml.500Ml.1 Litre1.5 Litre2 LitreCoke,ThumsupRCPepsiCoca-CoalRC colaPepsiOrangeOrange Flavour + Carbonated Water+ Sugar200Ml.300Ml.500Ml.1 Litre1.5 Litre2 LitreFantaMirindaCoca-ColaPepsiFruit JuiceMango Pulp+ Treated water+ sugar250 MLMaazaMinute Maid Pullpy OrangeSliceTropicanaAppy Fizz trustworthyCoca-ColaPepsiAppy FizzDaburCloudy LemonLemon Flavour + Carbonated Water+ Sugar 3200Ml.300Ml.500Ml.1 Litre1.5 Litre2 LitreLimcaLMNMirinda LemonNimboozCoca-ColaParle agroPepsiClear LemonLemon Flavour+ Carbonated Water + Sugar200Ml.300Ml.500Ml.1 Litre1.5 Litre2 LitreSprite7UpDewCoca-ColaPepsiHISTORY OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES IN INDIAIndia with population of more than 100 crores is potentially one of the largest consumer markets in the beingness after China. The consumer market can be defined as the market for products and services that are purchased by individuals as households goods for their pe rsonal consumption. Soft drinkis a typical consumer product purchased by individuals to quench thirst and secondly for refreshment.Searching for the point of Indian soft drinks we first document on Gold Spot, this was the first brand soft drink in India. It was introduced by PARLE during later part of 40s. Cola large, Coca-Cola was the first foreign soft drink to be introduced in India in 1965, Coca-Cola make a very good beginning and dominated the whole scheme right from the word go. It (Coca-Cola) faced no competition at that time. COCA COLA entered India in the year 1993 in collaboration with PARLE INDIA LTD.Three of four groups of Indians companies who had the required production capacity started their own brands of Cola, Lemon, Orange, but failed to achieve their goal on a national basis. India always has fill in and hate relationship with MNCs which gave a significant opportunities to soft drink industries in India when Coca-Cola decided to windup its operation in 1977 rathe r than bowing to the Indian government insisting on- Dilution of equity, as the government felt that lots of foreign currency was being wasted. Manufacturing of the top-secret concentration in India.Disclose of the chemic composition of the essence.This left a large vacuum in the popular soft drink market, and a vista was opened to any company with the requisite, technical, marketing and organizational skills. The exit of Coca-Cola from India in 1977 accelerated the growth of several Indian Soft Drink. New soft drink in the form of Tetra pack entered the market among Frooti, Jump-In and Treetop were the prominent once. Till 1977 their equipped bottling plants and the distribution network a longing to be of no use. It took them one year to develop new radiation diagram to survive and gradually came up with Campa, Lemon, Orange and Cola that order. CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND POTENTIAL OF MARKETThe majority of urban and suburban Indians consume non-alcoholic shop bought beverages less than once a day suggesting a large untapped market potential. In order to increase consumption and penetration of such beverages however, manufacturers will have to address the two primary reasons why some Indians abstain entirely, that is, health concerns and undesirable taste as highlighted in Boston Analytics stare of 8300 people crossways 15 cities. Approximately 120 billion liters of beverages areconsumed by Indians every year, but only 5% represent store-bought packaged beverages. The majority of Indian consumers (75%) still consume non-alcoholic store-bought beverages less than once a day, highlighting a large untapped market opportunity, particularly in the carbonated drinks and juice or juice-based markets (estimated to be worth $1.5 Billion and $.25 billion respectively).While consumption frequency decreases with age, it is found to increase with income levels, except in the top-most economic strata of society. Health concerns anticipate the primary reason for not con suming non-alcoholic store-bought beverages at all. Yet of the 40+ brands covered in Boston Analytics study, none held a definitive position in this regard either positively or negatively. Boston Analytics study also revealed that 29% of those who consume non-alcoholic store bought beverage beverages do so at a fixed time during the day, suggesting that carbonated beverages have become a part of life for a significant portion of the Indian consumer market.Product taste is the primary driver of brand choice for carbonated, juice-based and sports/energy drinks. While consumptions patterns are somewhat similar across different tiered cities, reasons for not consuming non-alcoholic store bought beverages vary considerably. This study has implications for both the marketing and product development of carbonated, juice based and sports/energy drinks. Significant opportunities exist for manufacturers to expand these markets through both greater consumption and greater penetration. There ar e numerous initiatives which manufacturers, distributors and marketers can take in order to increase their market share in these product categories.For poser o Non-alcoholic beverage brands do not appear to be positioning themselves or differentiating themselves along the brand attributes that matter most to consumers in terms of product/brand selection and reasons for consuming and/or not consuming As with most product categories in India, consumption behavior and preferences differ dramatically across cities in India.WhileTier 1 cities (or the largest metros in India) report the highest consumption, significant differences exist among these cities, e.g., in terms of the time of day store-bought non-alcoholic beverages are consumed, prefer brands for carbonated beverages, reasons for consuming a particular product type, etc.). Such differences demonstrate the need for carefully targeted marketing campaigns that appeal to the needs, behaviors and preferences of local communities.T RENDSTop Carbonated Beverages Industry Trends integratingWith overall growth of the beverage market slow, national companies have grown through overseas sales and acquisitions. Coca-Cola now owns 20 major beverage brands, PepsiCo 15. Cott, the largest private-label soda maker, has grown in recent years through the acquisition of local bottlers. Brand ManagementTo distinguish their products from the large number of available competitors, manufacturers have relied heavily on using familiar brand names for new products. For example, Coca-Cola now comes in several different versions that are sugar- or caffeine-free or both, but all under the Coca-Cola label. Gatorade and Tropicana orange juice are now available in many different versions. PepsiCo has agreements with Starbucks and Lipton to use their brand names on new beverages. Private-LabelsAmid the perception by consumers that colas dont taste different, private-label sodas continue to be popular with budget-minded consumers and loca l supermarkets. Even though theyre priced lower than national brands, private-label sodas have higher margins for grocers because theyre cheaper to produce and dont have heavy marketing costs. Cott has a large share of the private-label market, mainly because it supplies Wal-Mart, the nations biggest retailer. Economies of cuticleCoca-Cola bottlers in North America have started an independent company expected to save money by giving them greater leverage in negotiations for contracts with suppliers and giant retailers. Projections indicate it could save about $100 million over the next few years through centralized bulk purchases of various goods from aluminum cans to vending machines. The company will also deal with major customers, such as Safeway, which now deals with several different bottlers.PackagingTo increase convenience and consumption, beverage manufacturers are constantly experimenting with new product packaging. Coca-Cola introduced new packaging that conveniently fits 12 cans or bottles on a refrigerator shelf. The Fridge Pack was first used by a regional bottler, which saw sales of 12-packs increase 25 percent with the new packaging. In addition to Coke, the bottler has also applied the concept to Dasani water bottles.3.3 Coca-Cola industry profile participation PROFILECoca-Cola, the product that has stipulation the world its best-known taste was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886. Coca-Cola Company is the worlds leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, used to produce nearly 400 beverage brands. It sells beverage concentrates and syrups to bottling and canning operators, distributors, fountain retailers and fountain wholesalers. The Companys beverage products comprises of bottled and canned soft drinks as well as concentrates, syrups and not-ready-to-drink powder products.In addition to this, it also produces and markets sports drinks, tea and coffee. The Coca- Cola Company began building its global network in the 1920s. Now operating in more than 200 countries and producing nearly 400 brands, the Coca-Cola system has successfully applied a simple formula on a global scale Provide a moment of refreshment for a small amount of money- a billion times a day. The Coca-Cola Company and its network of bottlers comprise the most sophisticated and pervasive production and distribution system in the world. More than anything, that system is dedicated to people on the job(p) long and hard to sell the products manufactured by the Company.This unique world(a) system has made The Coca-Cola Company the worlds premier soft-drink enterprise. From Boston to Beijing, from Montreal to Moscow, Coca-Cola, more than any other consumer product, has brought pleasure to thirsty consumers around the globe. For more than 115 years, Coca-Cola has created a special moment of pleasure for hundreds of millions of people every day. (Source www.Coca-Colaindia.com)OBJECTIVE OF COMPANYThe C ompany aims at increasing shareowner value over time. It accomplishesthis by working with its business partners to deliver satisfaction and value to consumers through a worldwide system of superior brands and services, thus increasing brand equity on a global basis. They aim at managing their business well with people who are strongly committed to the Company values and culture and providing an appropriately controlled environment, to meet business goals and objectives.(Source www.Coca-Colaindia.com) COCA-COLA PERFORMANCE IN INDIANet operating revenues for the 4th quarter 2009 were 7,5 billion USD. Strong volume growth was achieved in key emerging markets, with 29% in China, 20% in India, and 8% in Brazil. Coca-Cola could achieve good volume growth even in developed markets, namely in France with 12% and in Germany with 3%. PRODUCTS OF COCA COLA1. Coca Cola2. Thums up3. Limca4. Fanta5. Sprite6. MazaaCompetitors1. Pepsi2. Mirinda3. Mountain due4. Appy fizz5. TropicanaCompetion from s ubstitutes1. Fruit juices of unorganised market2. Coconut3. Mineral waterTIME LINE TOF COCA COLA ORIGIN increase AND DEVELOPMENTYear 1894 A modest start for a bold ideaIn a candy store in Vicksburg, Mississippi, brisk sales of the new fountain beverage called Coca-Cola impressed the stores owner, Joseph A. Biedenharn.He began bottling Coca-Cola to sell, using a common glass bottle called a Hutchinson. Biedenharn sent a case to Asa Griggs Candler, who owned the Company. Candler thanked him but took no action. One of his nephews already had urged that Coca-Cola be bottled, but Candler focused on fountain sales. Year 1899 The first bottling agreement 2 young attorneys from Chattanooga, Tennessee believed they could build a business around bottling Coca-Cola. In a meeting with Candler, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead obtained exclusive rights to bottle Coca-Cola across most of the United States for a sum of one dollar. A third Chattanooga lawyer, John T. Lupton, soon joined their venture. Years 1900-1909 Rapid growthThe three start bottlers split up the country into territories and sold bottling rights to local entrepreneurs. Their efforts were boosted by major progress in bottling technology, which improved efficiency and product quality. By 1909, nearly 400 Coca-Cola bottling plants were operating, most of them family-owned businesses. Some were open only during hot-weather months when demand was high. In the 1920s and 1930s International expansionLed by Robert W. Woodruff, chief executive officer and president of the Board, the Company began a major push to establish bottling operations outside the U.S. Plants were opened in France, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Belgium, Italy and South Africa. By the time World War II began, Coca-Cola was being bottled in 44 countries. In the 1940s Post-war growthDuring the war, 64 bottling plants were set up around the world to supply the troops. This followed an urgent request for bottling equipment and materia ls from oecumenic Eisenhowers base in North Africa. Many of these war-time plants were later converted to civilian use, permanently enlarging the bottling system and accelerating the growth of the Companys worldwide business. In the 1950s Packaging innovationsFor the first time, consumers had choices of Coca-Cola package size and type-the traditional 6.5 ounce Contour Bottle, or larger servings including10, 12 and 26 ounce versions. Cans were also introduced, becoming generally available in 1960. In the 1960s Introduction of new brandsSprite, Fanta, Fresca and TAB joined brand Coca-Cola in the 1960s. Mr. Pibb and Mello Yello were added in the 1970s. The 1980s brought diet Coke and Cherry Coke, followed by PowerAde and Fruitopia in the 1990s. Today scores of other brands are offered to meet consumer preferences in local markets around the world. In the 1970s and 1980s Consolidation to serve customersAdvancement in technology led to global economy, retail customers of The Coca-Cola C ompany merged and evolved into international mega chains. Such customers required a new approach. In response, many small and medium-size bottlers consolidated to better serve giant international customers. The Company encouraged and invested in a number of bottler consolidations to assure that its largest bottling partners would have capacity to lead the system in working with global retailers. In the 1990s New and growing marketsPolitical and economic changes opened vast markets that were closed or underdeveloped for decades. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Company invested heavily to build plants in Eastern Europe. As the century closed, more than $1.5 billion was committed to new bottling facilities in Africa. 21st Century Coca-Cola todayThe Coca-Cola bottling system grew up with roots deeply planted in local communities. This heritage serves the Company well today as consumers seek brands that honor local identity and the distinctiveness of local markets. As was true a c entury ago, strong locally based relationships between Coca-Cola bottlers, customers and communities are the foundation on which the entire business grows.COCA-COLA VISIONVISION FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTHPROFIT Maximizing return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. PEOPLE Being a great place to work where people areinspired to be the best they can be. PORTFOLIO Bringing to the world a portfolio of beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples Desires and needs. PARTNERS Nurturing a winning network of partners and building mutual loyalty. PLANET Being a responsible global citizen that makes a difference. COCA-COLA committalCreate consumer products services and communications customers service and bottling system strategy process and tools in order to create competitive advantage and deliver superior value to- Consumers as a superior beverage experience.Consumers as an opportunity to grow profit through the use of finished drinks. Bottlers as an oppor tunity to make bonnie to grow profits and value added Suppliers as an opportunity to make reasonable when creating real value added in environment of system wide teamwork, flexible business system and continuous improvement. Indian society in form of contribution to economic and social development. RED CONCEPTRED stands for Right Execution Daily. It is a survey method for the company to know their position in the market. ABOUT REDTo check the availability of the visi cooler provided by the company to the retail outlets for their products. To check the energizing in various outlets.To check the branding order of the various products in the cooler. Survey has done in the four topics-ImpurityBrand set outAvailabilityActivationIMPURITYThere should be no impurity in the visi cooler of the company. Impurity here refers to that brand which is presented in the visi cooler other than cokes product. Therefore no other product of any other company should be in the cooler. BRAND ORDERThe comp any has given a brand order to the market developers to arrange the different brands in a specific order in the cooler. The order should be in such a way- ThumsupCoca colaSpriteLimcaFantaMaazaKinleyPet & JuiceAVAILABILTYAvailability is done according the type of outlet. There are four type of outlet mentioned below. According to this market developer has to ensure the availability of the products in the particular outlet. ACTIVATIONActivation is important because it helps to boost the sales of the company. It is done through the Glow sign, ledge intro, flanges. Combo boards, Table tops .This boards usually gives to the E&D outlets .It helps to attract the customers. Rack with header is provided to the grocery stores. Market developer must ensure that all these activation elements must available at all the outlets. VARIOUS ACTIVATION ELEMENTS1. WARM DISPLAY twinge2. SHELF DISPLAYSHELF DISPLAY DISPLAY OF RACK VISI COOLEROPTIONAL ELEMENTS-1. STANDEE2. SIX MOBILE HANGER3. VISI COOLER BRAND STRIP4. WARM DISPLAY RACK5. TABLE TOP RACKTYPES OF OUTLETSThe company has divided their outlets on the basis of the following criteria- rule bookChannelIncome groupVOLUMEThere are four types of outlets according to the volume of sales of the outlet- platinum 1500 & above per yearDiamond 800-1500C/s & above per yearGold 500-799C/s per yearSilver 200-499C/s per year tan above7C/s9C/s20C/s30C/sCONCEPT OF REDHindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt.Ltd. India division Under Eurasia Operating Group has been working on RED i.e. Right Execution Daily Since JAN 2006.Coca-Cola company believes that its success depends on their ability to connect with consumer by providing them with a wide variety of choices to meet their desires, needs and lifestyles choices, company success further depends on the ability of their people by execute effectively every day. MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF REDTo measure the impact of Right Execution Daily (RED) a survey (RED AUDIT) is done by third party (a co nsultant) every month. Third party conducts a survey by visiting all the RED activated outlets and benchmarks it on the prescribed Merchandising standards of RED. A monthly report is send to Hindustan Coca- Cola Beverages Private Limited. The report is called as To create the Red Report third party asks a set of question from the retailers which are as followsRelated to VisicoolerIs Cooler in the Hot Spot Location?Does it have all the products of Coca-Cola available?Is the display of the Coca-Cola display of the products in a standard such assprite, Thums up, Maaza, Fanta and Limca,) Is cooler working properly?Is the cooler pure?Related to Price CommunicationIs there proper price display of the products?Related to product availabilityAll the brands should be present in the every distribution channel but main concern is that 300 ml should be present in the every channel and 600 ml and 1.5 liters per bottles should be present in the Eating and. drinking, convenience and foodstuff shop ..PRE SALE CONCEPTThis is a new concept by the company. In this concept company takes order one day before and then delivers the product to each route. So this gives more time to market developer to assure RED.This concept has so many advantages-This gives more time to the market developer for the activation & branding purpose. By this company can easily implement the RED concept in better way. Presale concept makes assure of more availability of the products in the market. This concept is soft in processing.By this concept market developer can arrange the product in better way. The Company can display its products in proper way so that customers can attract towards it.Chapter 4Analysis of data4.1 MARKET SHARE OF CANSQ.1 Which cans are more demanded by customers?Table no. 4.1Type of canRespondentsPercentageCoca-Cola7070Pepsi Slim can3030 gibe100100 map no.4.1INTERPRETATION From the above table It can be said that Coca-Coca fit cans has 70%market share where as Pepsi slim cans has o nly 30% market share.4.2 ORDER PLACINGQ.2 How many cases of cans do you orderTable no. 4.2No. Of casesRespondentsPercentage0.5-170701-215152-510105& above55Total100100Chart no. 4.2INTERPRETATION From the above table it can be said that 70% of retailers are placingorder of 0.5-1 case, 15 % are placing 1-2 cases, 10% are placing 2-5 cases and 5 % areplacing 5 and above cases of order.4.3 EFFECT OF CHANGE IN PRICE AND QUANTITY ON CANSQ.3 Does the change in price and quantity of fit cans increase sales?Table no. 4.3OpinionRespondentsPercentageYes8080No1515Cant say55Total100100Chart no.4.3INTERPRATATION From the above chart we can say that 80% of retailers said thatchange in price and quantity have effect on sales of cans, 15% of them did not agree and5 % of them said they cannot say.4.4 MARKET DEMAND FOR VARIOUS FLAVOURS OF CANSQ.no.4 Which flavor of cans are more soldTable no.4.4FlavourRespondentsPercentageCoca-Cola1212Diet Coke2020Thumbs up4545Sprite88Limca88Fanta55Total10010Chart no. 4.4INTERPRETATION From the above chart we can say that thumbs up has 45% marketshare, diet coke has 20%, coke has 12% , fanta has 8%, and both sprite and limca has 8%respectively.4.5 CHANNEL sapient AVAILABILITYQ.no.5 Channel wise availability of cans?Table no. 4.5Type of channelRespondentsPercentageConvenince1010E&D-21515Grocery-16565Travel1010Total100100Chart no.4.5INTERPRETATION From the above chart we can say that 65% fit cans are available inGrocery-1, 15% in E&D-2, 10% in convenience, 10% in travel.4.6 VPO WISE AVAILABILITYQ.no.6 VPO availability of cans?.Table no.4.6Volume per outletRespondentsPercentagePlatinum4545Diamond3030Gold1515Silver88Bronze22Total100100Chart no.4.6INTERPRATATION From the above chart we can say that 45% of cans are available in Platinum outlets, 30% in Diamond outlets, 15% in Gold outlets, 8% in Silver outlets and 2% in Bronze outlets. 4.7 NON RED OUTLETS AVAILABILITYQ no. 7 Availability of cans in non red outletsTable no. 4.7Non red outletsResponden tsPercentageOwn cooler2020Shared with Competitor8080Total100100Chart no. 4.7INTERPRATATION From the above chart we can say that in non red outlets 80% of them are share with competitor, and 20% of them have own cooler.4.8 FLOOR STOCK AT THE OUTLETQ no.8 No. of cases of floor stock maintained at the outletTable no.4.8Chart no. 4.8INTERPRETATION From the above chart we can say that 75% of retailers are maintaing 0.5-1 case of floor stock, 10% are maintaining 1-5cases of floor stock, and 15% are not maintaining any floor stock.Chapter 5FINDINGSSUGGESTIONS&CONCLUSION5.1FINDINGSCoca-Cola had a very high customer awareness and demand.Retailers are very much satisfied with market developers behavior. Retailers are not allowing market developers to keep visi-coolers pure There are some loyal customer who prefer selling only Coca-Cola.5.2 SUGGESTIONSMore promotional offers have to be introduced.Coca-Cola Fit cans should be promoted more in order to increase the sales. New schemes should be introduced for retailers in order to promote Fit cans. Market developers should be given some amount which can be used to provide credit facility to some retailers. Coolers should be provided in petrol bunks so that it will generate impulse purchase as traffic will be more in petrol bunks like siripuram h.p.The Company employees should make direct contact with the consumers, so that they may aware withreal situation of the market and consumers attitude towards the product. For this they can arrange awareness camps in different locations like latterly they gave freecokes in beach road Floor stock must be maintained so that consumers can enjoy continous supply.5.3 CONCLUSIONThis project is contend a very important role for the company. With the help of this project, company can know its opportunities in the market. Because in this project the survey is done by interacting with different kinds of people by which the attitude towards the product can be known. All the activation elemen ts like maintainance of floor stock, rack display, standees etc must be available at all outlets . All these elements help the company in increasing the sales.Definitely when sales increase then profits also increases. With the help of this project company has increased its sale and also company can measure or check the performance of each retailers working with COCA COLA COMPANY.BIBLIOGRAPHYBOOKSA. Philip Kotler (2009), Marketing Management Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, Eleventh Edition. B. Bellur and Berkman (1987), Readings in Marketing Management Himalaya publish House, New Delhi, First Edition. C. Samars and Barmer Stanton Fundamentals of Marketing Mc Graw Hill Company, Ryerson, eight Edition. D. Gupta and Rajan Nair (2002), Marketing Management Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, Seventh EditionPhilip Kotler (2009), Marketing Management Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, Eleventh Edition. E. Bellur and Berkman (1987), Readings in Marketing Management Himalaya Publishing Hou se, New Delhi, First Edition. F. Samars and Barmer Stanton Fundamentals of Marketing Mc Graw Hill Company, Ryerson, Eight Edition.WEBSITEShttp//www.articlesbase.com/customer-service-articles/importance-of-customer-satisfaction-3242170.html http//www.coca-cola.comhttp//www.chemuturi.com/Measuring%20Customer%20Satisfaction-CMK.pdf http//www.google.comhttp//www.ko.comhttp//www.thecoca-colacompany.comhttp//www.wikipedia.orgANNEXUREQUESTIONNAIRE ON COCA-COLA FIT CANS 1.Which cans are more demanded by customers?a)Coca-cola fit can b)Pepsi slim can2.How many cases of cans do you order?a)0.5-1 case b)1-2 case c)2-5 case d)5&above3.Does the change in price and quantity of fit can increase sales? a)Yes b)No4.Which flavour of cans are more sold?a)Coca-cola b)Thumps up c)Fanta d)Sprite e)Diet coke f)Limca 5.Channel wise availaibility?a)cConvenience b)E&D c)Grocery d)Travel-16.Volume per outlet wise availability?a)Platinum b)Diamond c)Gold d)Silver e)Bronze7.Non RED outlet availability?a)Own coo ler b)Competitor but shared8.Floor stocks at the outlet?a)1case b)1-5case c)Nil

The Symbolism of House Plants

Literary devices are used by authors to unite a common theme within their work. The device providing the most unity within the play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry is the house demonstrate Lena Younger, or florists chrysanthemum, so adamantly protects and nurtures throughout the play.The symbolism associated with this plant provides insight into Mamas attitudes toward her family and her belief that they can succeed in their dreams.The plants continual visual aspect shows how necessary this symbol is to provide unity in the play. The symbolism behind the plant takes on many layers, but it always connects back to Mama and her sleep with for her family.In the first scene of the play, Mama is depicted as nurturing her house plant. change surface in the opening scenes, she is drawn to care for the plant, much as she is drawn toward warmth and protecting her family.Mama is always the caregiver in the play. She is the fountainful matriarch that gives strength to the family. Much give care the plant is the unifying symbol of the play, Mamas power often makes her the unifying force within her family. Mamas power is established through a variety of sources. She is the family elder.After the death of Mr. Younger, Mama is Walter and Beneathas lonely(prenominal) surviving parent, but she is also the economic center of the family. After years of hard labor, Mr. Youngers death has provided his family with an insurance settlement of ten constant of gravitation dollars, which the entire family wants, but Mama holds firmly in her hands.Mamas complaints that the plant would do so much better if it only had a little more(prenominal) light, echo her beliefs that her family would prosper if allowed to escape the suffocating environment of their cramped apartment. Mama never stops believing in the potential for the plant to grow and thrive, fairish as she never stops believing in her dream for her family.Even when Walter does the unthinkable and loses Mamas money in a financial gamble, Mama never stops believing. Her family has gone through too much, and she refuses to be forced into submission.Leaving the apartment now becomes risky, the family does not have all the money to guarantee an easy transition, and Mama is forced on many occasions to reconsider to familys move. Mamas dreams are inevitably too strong, and the family eventually moves in to their new photographic plate regardless of the risk.The theme of overcoming resistance in pursuit of a dream is continued when Mr. Lindner visit the family. Even though he suggests that their family may not be wanted in Clybourne Park because of its racial segregation, Mama is convinced that her family must escape the confines of their apartment in order to prosper.Because of her belief in her familys ability to grow, she leads the family in turning down Mr. Lindners monetary offer. Mama believes that the plant, like the family, simply needs a little more room to grow. give care the plant, Mama always encourages her family to grow.She supports her family various dreams, and consistently empowers them so that they will be able to reach them. She even violently apposes the idea of Ruth having an abortion because, like the plant, killing one of the familys members would, in essence, destroy the plant.Mamas plant is practice for her dream of a home with a garden and a yard. Even her moderate success with the houseplant is enough to convince Mama that she will be a successful gardener. Similarly, her success with her children encourages Mama that her family will continue to be a success, if given the right environment.The plant itself becomes fuel for Mamas passionate pursuit of her dream for herself and for her family. As the play closes, Mama symbolically returns to the apartment, rescuing the plant its custody there. The play is left open-ended.No precise details are given concerning the familys decision or their pursuit of their goals. The reader is, never the less, left believing that the plant and the family will thrive in their new home because of Mamas belief in them.

Investing Stocks and Bonds Essay

Investing in Stocks and Bonds Stocks and Bonds are different in many ways. A stock is a luck or share of the ownership of a corporation. A share will give the owner of the stock the companys gelts or loses over time. The good thing about stocks is they can be exchange at almost any time as long as there is individual willing to buy. A bond, on the other hand, is a fixed interest financial asset issued by governments, companies, banks, and other large entities. Bonds also are called livestocks. Bonds grant the owner a fixed amount a particular date, or on specified dates depending on the type of bond.If the bond is a discount bond, and so there is i pay date at the end. If the bond is a coupon bond, then it pays a fixed amount over a specific time. The time could be by month, or by year. My team was assigned the task of investing 120,000 dollars over tenner years. We were to invest 80% of 120,000 dollars in stocks and 20% in bonds. We invested in six different stocks and t wo bonds. Also, we bump the m one and only(a)y. Therefore, we each invested 6,000 dollars per year in three stocks and one bond. The first stock I heady to invest in was Nike Inc. Nike Inc. is a strongly advertised and a head-distributed company (Nike).Nike Inc. is known well across the world (Nike). When it comes to shoes, clothes, or sports apparel, everyone has at least one item of Nike. In most cases, people own multiple things of Nike equipment. Nike Inc. spends great amounts of time and money on their products (Nike). Also, Nike Inc. is extremely popular among sports. That is relevant because I am an athlete, and own many Nike products. Almost every pair of shoes I own is Nike, besides dress shoes. This all proceeded to tell me, as an investor, to get complex in a part of the company. I took 2,000 dollars of the 6,000 dollars and invested in Nike Inc.Every year for ten years I bought 2,000 dollars worth of shares. The number of shares each year ranged from 24 shares to 42 shares of Nike Inc. stock. In April of 2007, there was a stock dampen for Nike Inc. The shares split 21. So the number of shares I have up to that point geminated. I owned roughly 197 shares before the 21 split. After the split I accumulated about 395 shares. The list number of shares at the end of ten years was approximately 527 shares. My shares sold for $89. 34 each. The hit earned from Nike Inc. was $47,130. 76. Another stock is wrinkle Inc. This is another company in the clothing industry however, gag Inc. urprised me with how well they did. Buckle Inc. is a popular clothing store for youthfulness adults (Buckle). They have jeans, dress shirts, shoes, and other clothing (Buckle). Their products can get expensive, but they are made well (Buckle). Many young adults shop at Buckle Inc. for the variety of trendy options they offer (Buckle). This is relevant because I am a young adult, and have shopped at Buckle before. I also know many friends and family who has shopped in Buckle as well. If someone asks around looking for a pleasant pair of jeans the answer is, Have you tried Buckle? They have a nice selection. Like in Nike Inc. , I took 2,000 dollars to invest in this fine company. In 2001 when I started, the shares were quite low in price. The first year I owned over 100 shares. Unlike Nike Inc. , there was more than one split for Buckle Inc. There were two stock splits within the ten years. One split came in January of 2007, and another split came in October of 2008. Both of the stock splits were 32 splits. Prior to the first split I owned around 460 shares. After the split I owned about 690 shares. Before the second split I had approximately 786 shares. Following the second split I owned around 1, clxxx shares.The total number of shares in the end was about 1362 shares. Each sold for $44. 21 coming to a total of $60,238. 45. The last stock I invested in was in the outrageous oil and gas industry. The oil and gas industry can be a risky investme nt therefore, I was not guaranteed to come out on top or, in another words, succeed. If success were the outcome, the profit would be fairly significant. I tried Chevron Corporation because they seemed reliable compared to other oil and gas companies (Chevron). Chevron Corporation has been known to strive beyond expectations, and care for the practicedty of the workforce and environment (Chevron).Chevron products are recognized for their quality, performance, and technology around the world (Chevron). I decided to be on the safe side and only invest 1,000 dollars in Chevron Corporation because of the risk factor that comes into play with the oil and gas industry. Chevron Corporation actually did well after all. The share prices were high to start with. Chevron Corporation had one stock split within the ten years. In September of 2004, the 21 split helped my number of shares go from about 48 shares to around 97 shares total. In the end I owned a total of approximately 180 shares.The se shares sold for a big $105. 38 each. This nearly doubled the 10,000 dollars. The total after the ten years in Chevron Corporation was $18,982. 67. The one interchangeable blood line I invested in was with PIMCO. This global investment authority offers many different bonds such as absolute return bonds, asset allocations, convertibles, municipal bonds, consequence bonds, etc. (PIMCO). The bond I chose was a core bond. This bond was the PIMCO Total Return Fund. This particular fund focuses on a solid core fixed-income (PIMCO). The fund will typically invest in a diversified portfolio of securities (PIMCO).One thing I noticed when researching PIMCO Total Return Fund was that the worst one year return for this bond was 0. 28% (PIMCO). This made PIMCO a reliable source in my eyes. I selected to invest 1,000 dollars with PIMCO because it is a popular, reliable investment company. The shares for this fund had a low price. Each share was $10. 65 in July of 2001. This investment consis ted of many more shares at a much lower price. I owned roughly 90 more shares every year. The total number of shares after ten years was about 1030 shares. Each share sold for $11. 12.This gave me a total of $11,456. 71 in returns. After investing 60,000 dollars over ten years in three stocks and one bond, I accumulated a total of $137,808. 59. Buckle Inc. was my best investment earning $60,238. 45 over ten years. Surprisingly Buckle Inc. was able to triple its profit over the total ten years I invested. Nike Inc. over doubled in the ten years. Nike Inc. did quite well throughout the ten years. Chevron was the least earning stock however, this investment earned almost double the 10,000 dollars initially spent on the stock. The PIMCO Total Return Fund was what Dr.Duke considers a low risk/low reward investment. The PIMCO Total Return Fund was conservative. The total at the end of ten years in the PIMCO Fund was $11,456. 71. This fund earned a small amount over 14% profit. This was ac tual a very respectable profit for a mutual fund. Overall the total return from all the investments was a tremendous profit. Going from 60,000 dollars to 137,000 dollars was remarkable. Not everyone succeeds in the commercialize however, this is a great illustration of how well someone can do in the world of investment when it comes to stocks and bonds. Works Cited Buckle Inc. Buckle. com Mens and Womens On-Trend Fashion Clothing & Designer Jeans

Ralph and Jack’s Conflict between Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies Essay

?Ralph and son of a bitchs Conflict between Good and Evil in Lord of the Flies everywhere the ages, human behavior has shown that purity of thought leads to a similar action and ultimately to an outcome that is consistent with the original thought. Conversely, the history of man is tainted with his intrinsic lust for power and greed causing great conflict. In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the author contrasts the moral thoughts and deeds of his flawed hero Ralph to the self gratifying motives and actions of his adversary Jack.The ebb and flow of good versus evil on the island is driven by the waves of positive and negative thoughts in the minds of the two main characters. Ralph and Jacks continuous struggle of good versus evil is not only between the two of them, but is within their own minds as well. Jack shows his listing towards self-lovingness and violence speckle Ralph keeps a caring and positive mind towards the groups survival. The boys call for a meeting on t he top of the mountain to plow what to do next concerning their survival, which gives jack the opportunity to bring up hunting It broke away- Before I could kill it- but- next time Jack slammed his poke into a trunk and looked round challengingly (31). Already Jack begins to reveal his aggressive and violent nature. Jack has the opinion that being dominant and seen as powerful is much important to his own survival, while Ralph thinks about the survival of the group as a whole. Jacks hunting is more about a selfish need than about providing for others. During the first hunt, Jack goes to satisfy his craving for meat and power He swung his right arm and hurled the spear with all his persuasiveness.From the pig-run came the quick, hard sparge of hoofs, a castanet sound, seductive, maddening- the promise of meat (49). Jacks hunt for meat has become an obsessive search for power and a way to demonstrate his strength to the boys. He believes that catching and killing a pig and bring ing it back for the others is the ultimate way to show that he is dominant and better than them. Jack is instantly consciously embodying his evil thoughts into his physical appearance. After realizing his hunting methods are not adequate, Jack paints his verbal expression into a mask in order to hunt more successfully Jack planned his new face.He made one and only(a) cheek and one eye-socket white, then rubbed red over the other half of his face and slashed a low-spirited bar of lignite across from right ear to left jaw (66). He is consciously using the colours black and red to demonstrate the phantom and thirst for blood inside of him. Jack also shows his evil and anger in the way he aggressively slashes the charcoal onto his face. Ralphs deeper level of thinking leads him to take positive action towards improving conditions on the island.Ralph walks along the beach and come to realization just how braggart(a)ly things have deteriorated on the island With a convulsion of the mind, Ralph discovered dirt and decay understood how much he disliked perpetually flicking the tangled hair out of his eyes, and at last, when the sun was gone, rolling noisily to rest among dry leaves (82). Ralphs thoughts, while not all good, have helped him to realize how bad the actually situation is on the island and what he needs to do to stop the situation from getting worse. Ralphs world of order is pitted against Jacks world of chaos.At the meeting, Ralph tries to reestablish the rules and Jack is openly challenging his authority Ralph summoned his wits. Because the rules are the only thing weve got But Jack was shouting against him. Bullocks to the rules Were strong- we hunt If theres a beast, well hunt it down Well close in and beat and beat and beat- (99) Ralph expresses his good thoughts in a way to keep justice and order on the island, while Jack tries to destroy any trace of this with thoughts of rebellion and power over Ralphs law.When Ralph realized that he ca nnot win, he gives into the bad thoughts that consume the island. Ralph is the last one left who still has a sense of order and is being hunted by the others for not agreeing with their ways But then the fatal unreasoning noesis came to him again. The breaking of the conch and the deaths of Piggy and Simon lay over the island like a vapour. These painted savages would go further and further (204). He experiences bad thoughts regarding his survival and develops a sense of hopelessness and futility.Ralph, slowly losing his own sanity and at the loss of Piggy and Simon there to induce good thoughts, is left to hide and attack the others for his own survival. Ralph is entirely overwhelmed by the thoughts of good and evil. He flees from the savages onto the beach where he finds, standing before him, a naval officer with a ship at his back. Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall though the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy (225).All of Ral phs thoughts crash down on him at this implication and he is overwhelmed by the truth of mans inner evil and by the death of his loyal and good friend Piggy. The conflict between the two characters, Ralph and Jack, is underlined by the good and evil thought patters that directly lead to the actions they each take. While good thoughts bear good fruit and bad thoughts bear bad fruit, the potential for good and evil lies within all of mankind. Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London Faber and Faber Limited, 1958. Print.

Maquiladora Industry in United States

In this paper I volition discuss the narration and practices of the Maquiladora industry. I bequeath discuss its background, its problems, the benefits it offers to United States companies, and the impact the NAFTA has and result have on the industry. In addition, I will make a suggestion on a possible strategy the Maquiladoras whoremaster adopt in order to address the ch on the wholeenges brought on by the NAFTA, to ensure it remains a strong pull out in the future.Mexican agricultural workers had been granted temporary work visas allowing them to work in the United States agricultural industries through a plan called the Bracero Program until 1965 when this program was terminated. As a result of this termination, the unemployment rate had exceeded 70% in certain hem in cities. In May of 1965 the Border Industrialization Program was established as a replacement for the Bracero program. It was later renamed the Maquiladora Program.The program was established by the Mexican go ernment to provide employment for Mexicos rapidly growing population on its border with the United States. This program was utilized to keep Mexicans from entering the United States. The idea was that Mexican workers would be kept on the Mexican side of the border if they were given factory jobs on the Mexican side. The Maquiladora program also wanted to attract hostile manufacturing facilities, technology, and k today-how by giving a permanent tax holiday to manufacturing companies that would set up twin plants on the Mexican side of the border.In the beginning of the program, all foreign-owned operations had to be located within a 20-kilometer shift along the US-Mexican border. Since 1972 they can be located anywhere in Mexico. In 1996 there were around 2,500 Maquiladoras 35% of them were located in the interior states of Mexico. Last stratum there were over 3,000 and much and more of these operations be being located outside of the border regions. Each of Mexicos 31 state s has at least(prenominal) one Maquiladora.Maquiladoras, also referred to as in bond or twin plants, ar allowed to temporarily import into Mexico (free of tax) machinery, equipment, replacement parts, raw materials, and just about anything that was use in the assembly or manufacture of semi-finished or finished products. Once assembled or manufactured, the Maquila products must be exported unless special permission is obtained to sell a express amount of output in the Mexican market. When these products atomic number 18 imported back to the United States, import duties are levied on the foreign value-added only. If Maquila products stay in Mexico, the are subject to applicable Mexican duties.The largest issue surrounding the Maquiladora industry is the exploitation of cheap labor. The working conditions are often unsafe, workers are not compensated adequately for their labor, attempts to unionize are discouraged and sexual discrimination and harassment are too common.The condit ions in and outside the Maquiladoras are terrible. Workers perform tasks such as weld without protective masks, leather gloves, or goggles (in more instances) and industrial accidents and toxic exposures are common. This, along with malnutrition caused by low salaries, produce skin illnesses, cancer, irregularities in menstruation, abortions, tumors, drunkenness and birth of undernourished or disabled babies.Of the employees, many are young girls and women ranging from the ages of 14 to 20. They work 6 days a week in 10-hour shifts. The medium weekly salary for a Maquiladora worker is US$35 $45 even up though the average monthly rent for a house with frequent services such as running water and electricity is around $200 a month.For the most part, Maquiladoras are unorganized. In those that are organized, state-controlled unions nominate the workers. Although some companies are unionized on paper, the unions, for the most part, function to reinforce management policies rather than for the benefit of workers. Then there are what are called phantasma unions. These unions do not fight for the workers rights. The workers do not even know them and have never seen their union leaders. When a conflict arises in a factory, management informs the worker that their unions have accept these or those conditions. Not only are they not protected by existing unions, those that attempt to unionize and are often threatened or bribed by plant managers and the government.In many companies, discrimination against and harassment of the female employees is very common. Female job applicants are required to produce urine samples to be used for pregnancy test, while some have company doctors and nurses examine the applicants or ask confidential learning concerning their contraceptive practices. This is done because pregnant women are refused employment. Sexual harassment is often the rule rather than the exception. Rapes occur frequently and few are reported because women id olize being fired or blacklisted. Shame and humiliation also keep them quiet. In Mexico, men and women are equal before the law, but the law does not recognize discrimination as a problem to be solved.The Pollution Brought on by the MaquiladorasThe increased pollution, accompanied by the dumping of tons of perilous wastes, poses a serious health threat to the residents of Mexico as well as the resident of the bordering US states. There are several canals that are black with chemic wastes that have been measured at levels that greatly exceed permissible standards. One factory was caught dumping drums of paint, solvents, and shellac into a drain. In other areas there are abandoned lead smelters and air full of soot and dust from brick-making ovens and smoldering tire dumps.Main Advantages for the United States CompaniesFor the United States companies this was a great advantage since Maquiladoras operates at very low costs in places where the currency is weaker than the bucksuch as Mexico. The less a currency is worth, the more relative value the dollar has. Since Mexicos peso is relatively week, companies can trade their dollars for pesos with which they pay workers and expenses. The products they manufacture, however, are sold for dollars, increasing their profits by huge margins whenever the local currency falls. They could rear competitiveness, reduce their costs, and maintain quality by placing their labor-intensive operations in the less developed Mexico, benefiting from the lower wage rates there.For many US companies, manufacturing in Mexico has become necessary to battle overseas competition. Since many manufacturers are moving to just-in-time inventory systems, the quick delivery possible from Mexicos border towns offers a real(a) advantage over Asian alternatives.The NAFTAs Impact on the Maquiladora IndustryTraditionally, Maquiladoras offered foreign businesses several advantages over other forms of direct foreign investment. Since the signing of NAFTA, however, many of these advantages are either being phased-out or granted to all Mexican companies. The most significant advantages of operating as a Maquiladoras include ascorbic acid% foreign investment, operation without ownership of assets, tax sheltering of cost centers, and 100% avocation-drawback or waivers for temporary imports. Furthermore, the NAFTA attempted to address the labor exploitation and environmental problems associated with the Maquiladora industry.One of the benefits of the Maquiladora program is 100% foreign investment of Mexican operations, which formerly was not allowed. However, Mexicos Foreign Investment Law has changed through the forms (most significantly in 1989 and 1994)-full investment is now allowed in most business ventures.Operation Without Ownership of Assets some other advantage that Maquiladoras have is that they can receive production materials and capital goods as loans from their parent and invitee companies. As a result, most Maqui ladoras have little of no inventory of fixed assets, eliminating the need to pay the Mexican asset tax of 2% of all assets. In January 1995, the Mexican IRS reported that Maquiladoras would now have to factor the depreciation of loaned assets in price-transfer calculations, which is the first step toward phasing-out this advantage by 2001.When Maquiladoras are structured as cost center (providing manufacturing services for a foreign parent) the foreign corporation has traditionally paid the Mexican company for operating costs plus negligible profit. By doing this they avoid Mexicos 34% corporate income tax, 10% mandatory profit sharing, and asset taxes. Now the Mexican IRS is changing the way Maquiladoras must claim assets. Over the next few years, Maquiladoras will be forced to raise their declared profit percentage to a rate that is comparable to that of two uncorrelated companies performing the same transaction at arms length. This is the type of transfer pricing procedure tha t is implemented by most art blocks, like the EC. It will soon be effect throughout northwestward America.100% Duty-Drawback or Waivers for Temporary ImportsMaquiladoras have always allowed Mexican companies 100% duty drawback or waivers in imported components that are exported as final goods. Since 1994, this has provided many Maquiladora programs a way to use non-NAFTA materials within products without the need to pay the corresponding duties over those materials when importing or exporting goods to other NAFTA nations. On January 1, 2001, Maquiladoras that manufacture goods for export to NAFTA partner countries will no longer be allowed to take the waiver. The waiver will still be available for goods that are going to non-NAFTA countries.In 1995 the NAFTAs of Labor created the National Administrative Office (NAO) as well as the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC). Both were intended to stop labor abuses. The NOA was established to monitor labor complaints that NAFTA critics voice regarding unsportsmanlike labor practices. The NAO can recommend ministerial consultations as well as imposed heavy sanctions against Mexico. Unfortunately, the side agreements proved useless. The NOA cannot force Maquiladoras to allow unions-the most they can do is recommend ministerial consultations. Sexual harassment and discrimination continues as well.The NAFTA has also created side agreements covering the environment. One of them is the North American Development situate (NAD Bank). Its purpose was to finance wastewater treatment projects along the border in the poorer communities. However, the most important criteria that needed to be met in order to receive funds were meeting certain market considerations. With this program NAFTA encouraged growth without regard for the environment through its practice of placing market consideration above environmental protection. Another is the Commission for Economic Cooperation (CEC). The CEC was established to in vestigate governmental non-enforcement of environmental laws. Unfortunately it has no power to enforce ,they can only investigate-and they cant even do that until Mexico collects the data on the pollution for them.Possible Strategy for the Maquiladora IndustryAs long as the Mexican currency is weaker than the US dollar I dont think that the changes are going to dramatically effect the flow of US companies to the south. However, the Maquiladora industry cannot count on this for continued growth. By the year 2001 the Maquiladora industry as we know it now will have significantly changed when the phasing out is complete. Maquiladoras will no longer be tax break establishments they will be just like other foreign investments.In order for them to fully compete in the near future they must become more efficient and leaner. The impact of globalization is forcing manufacturers to produce more rapidly and cheaply than ever before and to continuously improve. Because there will be no speciali zation between the non-Maquiladora and Maquiladora industries I feel the inefficient producers will be wiped out. Therefor, Maquiladora employees will need better training, education, incentives as well improved working conditions and higher wages. operations will also have to be streamlined in order to reap the benefits of economies of scale and scope.In addition, Mexicans as well as US citizens will start to demand more accountability from the Mexican government and the Maquiladora industry. They need to be more responsible for their actions. What will the U.S. corporations do when human rights activists and environmentalists start lobbying and protesting on their US sites? Do they want to risk losing their shareholders to this type of negative attention?