Financial Management Essay

Part A There are three main areas of decision making for the corporate financial manager: Investment: The choice of projects or assets in which to invest company funds. Competing alternatives have to be assessed using a number of techniques. This type of decision will also be of concern to the private individual when making choices about which shares to buy. Finance: How these investments should be financed. It is necessary to evaluate the possible sources, external and internal, and the effect they will have on the capital structure of the company. Dividend: Whether corporate earnings should be retained or paid out in the form of dividends, and if the latter, when the dividends should be paid. Otherwise, we will cover the risk management as well as the management of a company’s assets and liabilities in its working capital cycle. Assets must be managed effectively so that they generate income and profits, and so that funds are available to pay creditors and take up opportunities for investment. In summary ,therefore, we can say that financial management involves the following areas as investment decisions, funding decisions, including the capital structure of the company, dividend decisions, risk management. This implies that dividend payments and gains made when selling a shareholding are better indicators of shareholder wealth than profits. However, if the dividend payments are not consistent over a period of time, this will not increase confidence in the company shares, and their market price will reflect the variability of dividend payments. When the shareholder sells their investment, they may lose money. The prime objective of the company therefore needs to be adjusted slightly to the maximization of long-term shareholder wealth. This will be indicated by maximisation of dividends over time and reflected in the market value of the ordinary shares. If the share price reflects shareholder wealth, then we can say that any financial decision taken to increase the value of shares will be a decision that maximises shareholder wealth, and will be in keeping with the prime objective of the company, such a decision can involve are using appraisal techniques to assess investment projects and sourcing funding to provide for the company the most appropriate capital structure that can be serviced from available funds and paying dividends that the company can afford, while leaving sufficient retained earnings for investment and managing the risks associated with these decisions. This may leave you with the impression that the managers of a company will carry out its day to day functions efficiently and effectively on behalf of the owners, always asking themselves about the result of the decision maximise shareholder wealth, this is a realistic view because of the tension between ownership and control of company. That is limitations of shareholder wealth maximisation as concern to agency theory. Agency theory is based in the separation of ownership and control that distinguishes the limited liability company from the other two business entities of the sole trader and the partnership. The relationship between shareholders and management is the principal agent relationship, and has given reis to agency theory. Where an agent was defined as a person used to effect a contract between their principal and a third party. The agency problem is that managers may not always act in the best interest of the shareholders, to maximise the latter’s wealth. Offering incentives, such as share options, to managers may reduce this problem. Solving the agency problem When the agency problem exits, therefore, when managers or directors do not act in the best interest of the shareholders to maxmise the latter’s wealth. Management goals could include increasing their rewards. It was suggested in an earlier activity that two ways to ensure that management act in shareholders interests are to vote unacceptable directors off the board, or to offer share options. Shareholder could monitor the actions of managers using independently audited accounts, backed up by additional reporting requirements and external analysts. The managers may not act in the best interest of the shareholders, so they may be offering other such as share options. However, the share options also have some things to consider as the advantages is encourage managers to maximise shareholder wealth since the option may result in their being able to sell shares at a higher price. But the disadvantages is the price of shares is influenced by some factors outside the control of management, so the benefits may accrue despite management actions. Managers may also change accounting polices to improve the performance of the company and influence the share price deliberately. Otherwise, Capital structure refers to the way an entity finances its assets through a combination of equity and debt. An entity’s capital structure is then the composition or structure of its liabilities. Capital structure ratios show an entity’s capital structure and measure its ability to meet its long term obligations. If the entity appears unable to meet its long term obligations, it will be in serious danger of collapse or takeover. Further, long term financial position depends much on an entity’s profitability since, in the long run, the entity will not be able to repay its debts unless it is profitable. The capital gearing ratio is a measure of the financial risk of an entity because of the prior claim that debt capital has on the profits and assets of the entity in the event of liquidation. Also, if the profits are low, the entity may not have sufficient funds available to make dividend payments to the ordinary shareholders. Capital gearing ratio: (preference shares + long term loans) / (shareholder’s funds + long term loans) X 100 The difficulty is the inclusion of preference shares, since they take many different forms. If a company’s preference shares are of the standard type, that is, having no voting rights and conveying nothing but the right to a fixed rate of dividend, they should be included as debt funding. The higher the percentage, the higher the level of gearing. It is advisable to include short term debt such as overdraft if it is used to fund long term investments and is not, therefore, of a temporary nature and bears a financial risk. A highly geared company may also experience difficulties in attracting funds from investors, who are not attracted by the risks involved in a high geared company. In this event, the market price of the company’s shares will fall. The more debt, the more risk for ordinary shareholders and ultimately for everyone, if the company faces liquidation. However, the more debt, the lower the WACC because debt is cheaper than equity. At very high levels of debt, however, the WACC will rise because of the higher levels of risk involved. Reference: Notes of the University of Sunderland APC308 Financial Management Conclusion The areas of corporate financial management are the decisions concerning investment, funding, dividend and working capital. And the company will use the gearing ratio to express the debt funding as a percentage of the total funding, because the high gearing ratio also brings problems associated with the interest rates and the main objective in financial management is the maximisation of long term shareholder wealth that is the market value of the ordinary shares, because it is related to the how many dividends will pay to shareholders. However, the agency problem is a main problem on the managers may not act in the best interest of the shareholders, so they may be offering other such as share options. Part B In Part A, i have explored two of three main areas of decision making for corporate financial managers: the investment decision (NPV) and the finance, or funding, decision. In this part i am concerned with the third area, the dividend decision. The basis for the discussion in this part is the need for dividend policy and the relevance of dividend policies to investors. NPV is a net present value is the present value of the future recipts from a project less any investment made in the project. Modigliani and Miller’s theory: dividends are irrelevant but almost is not quite. MM’s theory of dividend irrelevancy refers not to the payment of the dividends but to the timing of their payment. According to MM, if a company has an investment opportunity giving a positive NPV, it should be taken up using retained earnings rather than paying out a dividend. The company’s value will go up, since share value is a function of the level of earnings, which reflect a company’s investment policy, rather than a function of dividend payments. Similarly, in their theory of dividend irrelevancy they say that shareholders can create their own dividend, if they want to, by selling some of their theory of dividend, if they want to, by selling some of their shares. In a perfect market, shareholders can create a dividend stream to suit themselves, so it works in reverse too: if the company does pay a dividend and the shareholder does not want one, they can reinvest by buying more shares. Otherwise, MM’s view is that it is not the company but the individual shareholder who should decide dividend policy. Therefore, there is no such thing as an optimal dividend policy for a company, only an optimal investment policy. This would be a policy of investing in all projects with a positive NPV. In a perfect capital market, a company with insufficient internal funds could raise the funds required for investment externally. If a company had surplus internal funds, there could be distributed as dividends.

Singapore Footwear Analysis

Chapter 2 Market Analysis 2. 1. 1 Footwear Market Size The global consumption of footwear showed a steady growth between 2004 and 2007 but the global recession caused output volumes and consumer spending across a wide range of products, including footwear, to weaken in 2009. The USA, EU and Russian markets contracted in 2008 after good growth. Whereas the Asian and Brazilian markets continue to grow as a rising number of low-middle class people replace their flip-flops by closed shoes. A more important driving force to the global footwear market is the fast growth of very affluent people in the emerging economies buying luxury footwear.In 2008, the global footwear market was estimated at USD 201 billion and 7. 3 billion pairs, an annual average growth of 1. 4%, compared to USD 190 billion in 2004. The rising number of workingwomen, the trends towards casual footwear, the increasing affluence, and footwear as a fashionable status symbol, growing awareness about healthy and active life style, rising population and disposable income levels, were driving this growth. According to a new market report published by Transparency Market Research, the global footwear market was worth USD 185. billion in 2011 and is expected to reach USD 211. 5 billion in 2018, growing at a CAGR of 1. 9% from 2011 to 2018. Global spending is expected to be moderate in 2012, as industry revenue for the Global Footwear Manufacturing industry increases by 2. 2% in the current year to total USD 122. 9 billion, up from USD 107. 4 billion in 2007. This represents annualized growth of 2. 7% in the past five years. As consumer spending power in the United States, Europe and other parts of the world steadies, demand for basic, non-discretionary footwear will continue to remain low.Furthermore, Transparency Market Research also stated that, in the overall global market, Asia Pacific is expected to maintain its lead position in terms of revenue till 2018. It is expected to hold the largest share at 4 2% with 30. 1% of the global footwear market revenue share in 2018 followed by Europe with 21% of market share. 2. 1. 2 Footwear Market Segmentation The footwear market is segmented into Men, Women and Children. Women’s footwear, excluding athletic footwear makes up the industry's largest product segment, with an estimated 26. 3% of industry revenue in 2012.Due to rise of economic independence and demand, new products are being launched more frequently in the women’s footwear segment than the men’s and children’s sections. There is a large variety of footwear for women, which are categorized by types and styles. Most types of them are designed for specific activities but, on the other hand, in the same activity, there have many styles in it. For this reason, both of the categories are somewhat overlap. Therefore, in this chapter, women’s footwear is categorized into types as followed: * Athletic shoes * Boots * Casual shoes * Comfortable shoes Dres s shoes * Job-specific shoes * Office and Professional * Sandals * Specialty and Special Needs 2. 1. 3 Footwear Market Growth Rate Packaged Facts expects the global footwear market to grow at a substantially slower clip between 2008 and 2013 compared to previous years. The global economic environment will likely put a damper on consumer spending putting pressure on all measures of the footwear including frequency of purchase, unit consumption and pricing. Regionally, markets will be affected to varying degrees and at various points in time as the global economic slump orks its way through international markets. For instance, the Asia-Pacific region may take longer to slow down and may not be as severe as other regions. Global Footwear Retail Market Forecast, 2008-2013 (in billion $) Source: Packaged Facts On a unit volume basis, Packaged Facts expects global unit volume consumption is expected to reach 12. 1 billion pairs in 2013, which is equal to 3% growth thereafter the United St ates and Europe return to more modest growth rates and emerging economies see consumption rates rise. Global Footwear Retail Unit Volume Forecast, 2008-2013 (in millions of pairs)Source: Packaged Facts As a whole, the footwear Industry is in the mature stage of its life cycle. The number of producers is rising and there is still positive growth in both industry revenue and value added. However, the barriers to entry are not insurmountable. Since global population continue to increase, World Resource Institute expected world population to rise five-fold in 2050, and footwear is a product required by most customers in the world, therefore, a base level of footwear purchases will repeatedly exist. 2. Singapore Market – PEST Analysis In this chapter, PEST analysis is used to assess the current in Singapore market. Political and Legal, Economic, Social and Technological factors are examined and described. Before starting up new business in oversea, location is one of the important issues, which we have to seriously consider. As the crisis in both the US and Europe are affected the economy all around the world, Asia market is still in good condition besides it is easier for business to succeed when operating in a healthy business environment.As for Singapore, The World Bank-International Finance Corporation (IFC) has ranked it as the easiest place in the world to do business and ranks as the world’s top logistic hub. Singapore has stable, diversified, growing and supported by regulatory environment that is transparent and balanced. As a result, Singapore succeeding became one of the world's most prosperous countries with strong international trading links and with per capita GDP equal to that of the leading nations of Western Europe. 2. 2. 1 Political and Legal factorsDue to the government who has set up several organizations in helping the business system, in The 2011 Index of Economic Freedom, Singapore is ranked as the second freest economy in the w orld. According to the Corruption Perceptions Index, it also shows that Singapore is an enterprise friendly country as it consistently ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world. Moreover, In Singapore, the state has taken on the role of promoter and practitioner of Corporate Social Responsibility, a logical development in view of the dominant role of the government in the local economy.The Economic Development Board Act exists to stimulate the growth, expansion and development of Singapore’s economy. Likewise, the emphasis of the regulatory policy of Singapore Ministry of Finance (MOF), which related with Companies Act, Business Registration Act, Accountant Act and Currency Act, is mainly focusing on development rather than control. These benefits help offering a healthy business environment for both local and foreign invertors. Singapore’s government also has great influent on business environment by providing well-served air, sea and telecommunication s connectivity.One of the most essential connectivity is broadband network, which is sufficient for every business need. Singapore has one the world’s busiest port, with the hub for about 400 shipping lines to more than 700 ports worldwide. Not only seaport facilities, Singapore also has Singapore Changi Airport, which is renowned as worldwide leading air hub for its efficiency and excellent services in cargo handling. The congregation of superior infrastructure and global industry professionals has made Singapore of the best destination of doing business. . 2. 2 Economy factors According to the Ministry of Manpower of Singapore, in the past decade, Singapore’s economy grew by an average of 5% per annum. Singapore's small population and dependence on external markets and suppliers has pushed it towards economic openness, free trade and free markets. This, as well as government policies that patronize economic development, have been key success factors in Singapore's hi storically strong economic performance. Singapore has a highly developed market-based economy.It is open and has corruption-free environment, stable prices, and a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. Singaporean economy depends heavily on exports, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and on a growing financial services sector. Real GDP growth averaged 5. 9% between 2007 and 2011. According to a report published by the World Bank, Singapore’s Gross Domestic Product was USD 239. 70 billion in 2011, about 0. 39 % of the world economy. Singapore GDP Source: www. tradingeconomics. om / World Bank Singapore is also known for low tax regime. The personal income tax rates start from 0% and are capped at 20% for residents while non-residents are taxed at a flat rate of 15%. The corporate income tax rate in Singapore is approximately 8. 5% for profit up to SGD 300,000 and a flat 17% above SGD 300,000. The GST or VAT rate is 7%. Moreover, there is no dividend tax, no estate duty, and no capital gains tax. The economy contracted 1. 0% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, but rebounded in 2011.Over the longer term, the government hopes to establish a new growth path that focuses on raising productivity. Singapore has attracted major investments in pharmaceuticals and medical technology production and will continue efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub. Share of GDP by industry Source: Department of Statistics Singapore As from the graphs above, even vary along with global economic situation, Singapore’s economy is considered as one of a great place to invest with strong emerging economy in every business sectors. . 2. 3 Social factors According to Department of Statistics of Singapore, the total population was 5. 31 million as at end-June 2012. There were 3. 82 million Singapore residents, comprising 3. 29 million Singapore citizens and 0. 53 million permanent residen ts, and 1. 49 million non-residents. Female residents outnumbered their male counterparts in Singapore further. The sex ratio was 970 males per 1,000 females in 2012. Chinese formed the majority at 74 % of the resident population, followed by the Malays with 13 % and the Indians with 9. %. The proportion of Singapore residents aged 65 years and over rose from 9. 3 % in 2011 to 9. 9% in 2012. Sex Composition of Resident Population Source: Source: Manpower Research and Statistics Department, Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Age Distribution of Resident Population Source: Source: Manpower Research and Statistics Department, Ministry of Manpower, Singapore Singapore Residents by Age Group, Ethnic Group and Sex, June 2012 Source: Source: Manpower Research and Statistics Department, Ministry of Manpower, SingaporeSingapore Manpower Research and Statistics Department also stated that Singapore Nominal incomes rose strongly in 2011, amid a tighter labour market with more residents employed i n both professional, managerial, executive ; technician (PMET) and non-PMET jobs in 2011. The median monthly income from work of full-time employed residents rose by 8. 3% over the year to USD 3,249 in 2011, Taking headline inflation into account, the median income rose in real terms by 3. 1% in 2011. Distribution of Resident Labour Force by Age, 2001 and 2011 (As at June)Source: Manpower Research and Statistics Department, Ministry of Manpower, Singapore 2. 2. 4 Technology factors As Singapore proceeding into globalization and networked economies where competition and collaboration are in the same page, the presence of a strong technological infrastructure is crucial and unavoidable. The changes of technology are not only refer to the changes in production techniques, production equipment and communication, it also leads to improvement of production and services as well. Besides, it helps speeding up the movement of the information including improvement of the analysis information. Singapore’s extensive infrastructure set up is one of a fundamental attractiveness for foreign investment. According to the 2010 Infocomm Usage by Households and Individuals Survey, Singapore has put in place an advanced and reliable Infocomm infrastructure that has met the needs and demands of the economy and society. The proportion of resident households with Internet and broadband access at home reached 82%. The National Infocomm Infrastructure (NII) started as a key initiative of the IT 2000 Master Plan, with the building of a high-speed nationwide broadband network as a major milestone in its development.Again, Singapore has also grown to be one of the major global telecommunications hubs in the region and is well positioned as a hub for international capacity. Over the last few years, Singapore has also grown to be a trans-cable hub where regional submarine cable systems and international cable systems interconnect. In addition, Singapore government also emphasizes on i ts strength and makes the most of its electronic performances by providing useful resources and information online.For example, the Custom Office of Singapore provides e-service transactions through its website in order to facilitate all investors and remain as a global trade hub trusted by foreign trading partners and business operating in Singapore. 2. 2. 5 Conclusion From the factors analyzed above, it can be concluded that Singapore government has play an important role on its business success both domestic and international. With government’s policies, it has created an enterprise-friendly environment for invertors worldwide.Singapore extensive connectivity, together with a pro-business environment and legal and regulatory framework, make it an ideal circumstance for doing business. 3. Market trend Howard Davis, a professor of footwear design at Parsons School of Design, told Footwear News in 2005, â€Å"Self-adjusting shoes will be shoes of the future because the consu mer will demand real and serious comfort. † Not only comfort, the industry’s demand is primarily driven by fashion and demography. Newcomers with more fashionable product may thrive at the expense of a fading rival.The profitability of individual companies depends on their ability to design attractive footwear lines and remain at the forefront of consumers' consciousness. Consequently, designers attempt to combine comfort and style by using new technologies, with predictions that customized fit could be soon become more popular and more widely available. As for Thai footwear trend through the world financial crisis, the Department of Export Promotion has assessed the impact and suggested that Thai firms has to seek for new market replacement in order to gain and maintain market share apart from European and US market that are in their downturn.Other than maintaining the share, Thai firms have to be prepared to reap the opportunities from new impact of economy under the Asian Economic Community (AEC) in 2015. 4. Key Success Factors In order for March Shoes to accomplish its marketing objectives, the key success factors are the elements that are highly necessary. There are a few factors include: * Access to distribution channels * Access to targeted market * Understand actual customer behavior The key success factors might be changed from time to time, the company must continue to plan ahead beyond present needs, and keep pace with rapid technological changes.

Contrasting and Critically Examining two views Essay

Contrasting and Critically Examining two views - Essay Example One major issue in this regard is the formulation of strategic alliances by Transnational Corporations. Transnational Corporations are the large organisations which operate in different countries and focus on local preferences and demands. These organisations formulate strategies according to the needs and requirements of the local region. It is important to establish at this point that these Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have become one of the most strong unit in the economic and political setup all over the globe. These Transnational Corporations (TNCs) have been coming up with different economic strategies in order to fulfil their objectives and goals. In this regard these organisations have formed different strategic alliances and have entered into different subcontracts, which in turn are allowing them to operate successfully in the international market (Kale, P, Singh, H, & Perlmutter, 2000). This phenomenon has given rise to one of the largest dilemma in the business secto r i.e. that either global market forces have resulted in the formulation of these strategic alliances or these subcontracts and strategic alliances are being used as a strategy by these organisation in order to get hold of more resources. According to one school of thought, these economic strategies of subcontracting and strategic alliances are because of different global market forces. Transnational Organisations (TNCs) are forced to use these strategies in order to respond to the changing economic, political, social, and technological forces in the international market. On the other hand, there is a second school of thought which is of the view that these economic strategies of subcontracting and strategic alliance are being used by the Transnational Organisations (TNCs) for their own benefits. These strategies facilitate the organisations in the process of gaining more control over the resources as compared to other small companies and communities and as a result controlling the overall international economy (Gereffi, Humphrey, Kaplinsky, & Sturgeon, 2001). In this paper an attempt has been made to compare and critically review these two views. For this purpose, views of both school of thoughts have been presented and investigated. Apart from this the basic idea of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and the associated economic strategies have also been explained. This will help in the process of exploring and critically evaluating the two views about the increasing subcontracting and strategic alliances by different Transnational Corporations (TNCs). TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS (TNCs): There have been considerable growth in the number of Multinational Organisations (MNCs) or Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This is mainly because of the increasing international trade and globalisation. Owing to increasing international demand, organisations expanded their operations and businesses in different countries. This not only resulted in benefiting these organisati ons by also contributed in the growth and development of overall global economy. With the passage of time, Transnational Corporations (TNCs) became one of the essential player in the international economy. These organisations with the aim of increasing profits and revenues have been keep on exploring and exploiting different areas and regions. Recently, Transnational Cor

Exploring World Religions For Health Care Professionals Assignment - 1

Exploring World Religions For Health Care Professionals - Assignment Example This paper will begin with the statement that almost all of us are associated with some religion or the other, and as for those who aren’t, are referred to as atheists. Religion can simply be explained as a set of value, a belief and cultural system, and various views that connect spirituality and moral values to the existence of humanity. Different religions have different symbolism, teachings, traditional variations, and histories all which have the purpose of making humanity understand the reason for its existence, and why this universe came into creation into the first place. According to very rough research, there are almost four thousand two hundred different types of religion in this world. A question that many people ask is why does religion exist and what its purpose is. One needs to know that two things, belief, and faith are inherently inbuilt in human nature, and they have been so since the beginning of times. Now if we go into a little bit more detail, some of the se beliefs have been properly organized or shaped into teachings, doctrines and properly organized structures which are set up in a hierarchal manner. Like the case is with any kind of organized structure, religion seeks to exist to preserve its existence and therefore all such acts related to it are ultimately focused towards survival and expansion in an exponential manner. It is quite a question to understand why the study of religion is important for humanity. Since the beginning of times, human beings have been in need of guidance. The Muslims were guided on how to lead their lives by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him), who was the last messenger of Allah on Earth and from the Quran, the Holy Book of Muslims which contains guidance and a code of life from Allah. Similarly, the Christians received guidance from Jesus Christ and believe in the teachings of the Bible, as they believe that their God communicated to them through the words of the Bible. All religions serve to guide its people as to how their lives, what to do and what not to and so on regarding almost all major issues of life. If one doesn’t have an understanding of a religion, then he would be doomed and lack knowledge, and pretty much lost as to what to do regarding various circumstances in life (Macmillan, 2004). In simple words, one does need to study religion so he has guidance, so he can distinguish between what’s good and bad for him, and so he knows how to deal with certain things when they come up in life. When we talk of religions, there aren’t many who don’t know about organized religions. Organized religion can simply be understood as a social institution which consists of a particular set of beliefs, rituals, and cultures which are not only arranged in a systematic manner but also established in a proper manner. Organized religions can also be understood as those religions that are known the world over by their name and to which people often associate t hemselves with legally and openly. Some well-known organized religions include Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Jews, and Buddhists. There are some characteristics that are common amongst all these religions. To start off, all of them talk about helping humanity, restricting people from engaging in war and harming others without any due cause. Moreover, all these religions press upon their followers to speak the truth and always take care of scarce resources as they are bound to deplete one day. Differences occur when it comes to religious practices and the hierarchy of leadership and rituals, but other than that, all religions promote peace and love amongst humanity. Most people also get confused between spirituality and religion. These are two very separate things and need to be understood very clearly.  

Stock Market Investing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stock Market Investing - Assignment Example This first pair of stocks belongs to companies involved in consumer non-durables (Coca Cola) and energy (Exxon Mobil) industries primary. Oil production is a world-known powerful business worth on investing. Nowadays all the geopolitics is somehow connected to energy sources, because without energy no production’s possible. However, this also brings specific risks. Like many oil companies, Exxon Mobil relies on oil from often unstable (politically, economically) regions. Thus, any geopolitical events can influence the stock prices. Coca Cola Company is an enterprise, working world-wide for many years, so there’re not many chances Coca Cola would bankrupt as consumer non-durables industry generally, is developing. However, Reeves admits that in 2015 when interest in bearing assets may be back, it would â€Å"rotate a lot of capital out of low-growth, low-dividend stocks like Coca Cola† (Reeves). Second pair of stocks (General Electric and Pepsi) looks pretty much like the first one, yet when looking into history of stock performances on NASDAQ, General Electric shows a poorer dynamic comparing to Exxon Mobil. Meanwhile, Exxon Mobile has their dividends growing during several last years, and though this year prices are decreased comparing to 2014, one can expect they rise along with profit. Coca Cola has generally stable dividends for 3 years with slight increase and performs better this year comparing to 2014. Pepsi performs with increasing success for the last years, increasing stock price and dividends too. Thus, it’s General Electric’s performing (too stable to earn money) what drags Pepsi down with. In third pair, Procter and Gamble has shown a decreasing trend during last months, and despite their dividends are increasing from year to year, other pair member, General Motors has only one year of dividends practice. Thus, it can be concluded that Coca Cola and Exxon Mobile

Changing tax laws to reduce tax avoidance through the use of Research Paper

Changing tax laws to reduce tax avoidance through the use of partnerships - Research Paper Example Lipatov, (2011) argued that it is unfair for a common man earning a meager income that is just enough to sustain themselves to be charged every penny of his revenue whereas big companies and wealthy people are exempted through avoidance of taxation. Non-remittance does not only reduces government revenue but also brings the taxation system into disrepute therefore authorities charged with taxation needs to prevent avoiding tax or keep it within check (Desai & Dharmapala, 2006). According to PWC (2012), Majority of those involved in tax avoidance usually invoke section 88 and section 100 of the income tax act in order to shield themselves. Section 88 have therefore been barred from being referred to when the gain from the interest of partnership far exceeds the cost of the asset fair market value (Government of Canada, 2012). The budget proposals have also propose for the application of section 100 up to the point of sale of partnership interest to the person who is not a resident of the place in reference, this will however be an exception in a situation whereby is carrying out its activities through a permanent establishment (Mullainathan, Schwartz stein, & Congdon, 2012). A Partner should also be able to waive on behalf of all his partners within a three year limit for making a determination (2012 Federal Budget Commentary). The law should be clear enough according to Rosenberg (1989) because this will stop the taxpayer`s personal exertion income being taken as being income of the partnership and later being diverted as the companies` loss under the agency and management agreements. Reason being surpluses or net profits from those monies will be forwarded from that partnership daily to the group finance companies (Batt, 2012). The partnership acts should introduce various amendments to the taxes acts, that is according to the Blundell (2011) view. These

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 9

Marketing - Essay Example The main purpose of this exercise is to enforce marketing strategies that could allow the manager to take strategic decisions on various dynamics in the marketing of voice- recognition devices software (VRD) in the domestic market. â€Å"Interactive Voice Recognition or Voice Recognition Information is one of the most common telephone functions in use across the business community and is capable of bringing remarkable benefits to your company. Interactive Voice Recognition allow 24 hour access to a company from its customers Interactive Voice Recognition its phone system.† (Interactive voice recognition, 2005). Coming now to the actual exercise, what Marketing Games actually means to do is to put â€Å"you in the driving seat of a fictitious business. You have been brought in by the CEO to develop a winning market strategy that will turn the business around.† (The big marketing game, 2010). Thus the main objective of this game would be in terms of the overriding factors that contribute to profits/losses of the business, and the ways and means by which the losses could be turned around into profits. It also seeks to lower operating costs, increase productivity and ensure better all round performance. Another major consideration that needs to be taken up is also in terms of competitors, since our business development and growth is also dependent upon them, in that the business development of Speakeasy is also linked with that of its competitors who lay stakes on market shares, customer segments and volume of business and off takes. Thus, it is also necessary to predict possible competitive forays and adopt ways and means that could counter these effectively. Principally, â€Å"Voice recognition software programs work by analyzing sounds and converting them to text.† (Voice Recognition Software: An Introduction, 2009, p.1). There are only four makers of this VRD in the market. One is the product

The Significance of HER 2 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue Essay

The Significance of HER 2 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue - Essay Example It has been found that up to 25% of breast cancer patients will have an amplification of the HER2/neu gene or an increase in HER2 production (Songdong et al, 2006). Additionally, any patient with amplification of this gene will generally have an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence and a more aggressive form of cancer (Meng et al, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to discuss further the significance of HER2 receptor expression in breast cancers, and describe the laboratory methods of detecting this protein in detail. This will give an overview of the complications of overexpression of HER2 and allow the reader an insight into how important the HER2 protein and the HER2/neu gene are in breast cancers and how the detection of these can allow for insight into breast cancer and can lead to a reduction in the number of fatalities from breast cancer. Significance of HER2 in Breast Cancers The significance of the HER2 protein in breast cancers has been widely discussed in the literat ure. As previously mentioned, 'Overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator system or HER-2 (erbB-2) in breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis' (Songdong et al, 2006, p17361). ... ding two cysteine rich domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, consisting of a juxtamembrane region, a tyrosine kinase domain, and a carboxyl tail harboring autophosphorylation sites' (Brennan, 2002, p328). It is the binding of certain cognate cofactors to this trans-membrane receptor that regulates cell growth and differentiation, which occurs through the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (Brennan, 2002). This is a type of signal transduction pathway, which in the case of HER2 involves ogliomerization (Meng et al, 2004) and dimerization (Brennan, 2002). On a study of rats by Bargmann et al (1986), it was found that the neu gene (which is classed as protooncogene) is converted to the aggressive oncogene associated with overproduction of HER2 by a single point mutation at position 664 of the protein sequence. This mutation is from a valine to the negatively-charged glutamate, and is associated with an increase of the liklihood that the receptor will form ag gregates. Unfortunately, the mutation at position 664 is not found in humans, but this has given clues as to the mechanism of the HER2 protein in causing the more aggressive forms of breast cancers. `Figure 1 shows the pathway that HER2 plays a role in within the confines of breast cancer. Figure 1 – Cross-talk between signal transduction pathways and ER signaling in endocrine resistant breast cancer, with opportunities for targeted intervention (Ellis & Ma, 2007, p107) An insight into these pathways allows for recognition of interventions that can be used to negate the effects of the increased production of HER2. From figure 1, it is evident that HER2 is surface-membrane protein with a critical role in the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway. The MAPK/ERK pathway passes a signal from

Mayan Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mayan Civilization - Essay Example The ancient kinship of the Mayan people can be described as comprising patrilineal, bilateral and matrilineal and as such laid the foundation for their political organization (Carter 345). In this case, the political organization was embedded in this kinship where it was characterized by segmentary or well-defined lineages. In this case, the political organization resembled the clan-like structures. The strong attachment to kinship is also evident from the extent to which the Mayan assigned the duties to the scribes in the royal houses and palaces (McAnany 21). The scribes played an important role in the documentation of arts and other materials in the society, and most came from the aristocratic families thus extending the noble doctrine. Therefore, forming and establishing the political organizations of these kinship structures meant that the Mayan rather had a centralized political system with the authority from above or the royal powerful kinships (Yaeger 922). On the other hand, the Mayan arts indicate that the most of the rulers were scribes thus the political organization or structure was built on the ability of the rulers to write. The hierarchy brought about by the kinship implied that the aristocrats were the ruling class with the King as the head (Carter 340). Each city, therefore, had a king with a ruling class. On the other hand, the kingship was based on the religious construction and belief that they represented God on earth. Nonetheless, the Mayan had an outstanding religious belief where they had a calendar set with activities for appeasing the gods. Though the traditional Mayan religion can be described as a system of belief, the society rather engaged in habitual religious practices (McAnany 15). In this case, the Mayan religion was a complex collection of ritual practices and was also based on the hierarchy that

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Education - Essay Example I seek to expand my knowledge base on every possible occasion and am good at crisis management. I am capable of handling complex situations, without becoming panicky and by maintaining my calm and composure, which is a pre-requisite for every professional in the field of Healthcare. The programme promises to help transform worthy individuals into Healthcare professionals, imparting necessary skills and temperamental polishing. It provides direction in terms of helping the students achieve ground for learning and practising the promotion of superior quality Healthcare, with better judgement skills. It also aims to help students equip themselves with scientific knowledge and also keep themselves abreast with the sweeping minute changes that take place in the industry, aiding the provision of improved healthcare to the society, at large. Therefore, keeping in mind my personal and professional strengths and abilities; and linking them up to the goals of the programme, it is evident that the programme will surely help me polish and sharpen my skills. In addition to this, I am confident that I shall work to the best of my ability and prove my stature as a candidate with immense potential and worthy of being given admission to pursue the programme. Therefore, I hope you will consider me for the same and help me make a mark for myself in the field of Healthcare, while also fulfilling my duty to this noble profession, the society and humanity, with the help of this programme.

Cellular Respiration Essay Example for Free

Cellular Respiration Essay Answer the following questions: Cellular respiration: †¢ What is cellular respiration and what are its three stages? Cellular respiration is a way cells store food and energy, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cellular respiration happens in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The three stages are Glycolysis, Citric cycle, and electron transport. †¢ What is the role of glycolysis? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Glycolysis splits the sugar that goes in to the cell. Then in converts in to energy the cell need. It does not need oxygen to occur. †¢ What is the role of the citric acid cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Citric acid occurs after glycolysis process, high energy electrons are produced. It occurs only when oxygen is present but does not always use it. †¢ What is the role of the electron transport system? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Electron transportation system requires oxygen. It’s a series of electrons carriers in the membrane of the mitochondria. Photosynthesis: †¢ What is the overall goal of photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a process whereby plants, algae and bacteria convert light energy in to chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water. †¢ Because photosynthesis only occurs in plants, why is it essential to animal life? Photosynthesis is important for animals because the plants produce the sugar they need as a vital nutrient for the animals. †¢ What is the role of the light reactions? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? The reactants of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis are H20 (water), ADP, and NADP+. The products of light-dependent pathways of photosynthesis are Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH. The reactants of light-independent reactions are ATP, NADPH, and Carbon Dioxide. The main purpose of the light independent reaction is to produce glucose. Rate This Answer What is the role of the Calvin cycle? Include the reactants and the products. Where does it occur? Summary: †¢ Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are linked within ecosystems. The link between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is an inverse relationship; both are opposites of each other. Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds from sunlight. The most frequent compound is sugar. †¢ Visit the NASA website (http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/) and research global temperature changes. How has global warming affected overall temperatures? What effects do cellular respiration and photosynthesis have on global warming? References. 1. http://www.biolib.cz/en/main 2. UnversityofPhoenix(2011)Photosentisys.p109

Rights of Children Essay Example for Free

Rights of Children Essay Childrens rights are defined in numerous ways, including a wide spectrum of civil, cultural, economic, social and political rights. Rights tend to be of two general types: those advocating for children as autonomous persons under the law and those placing a claim on society for protection from harms perpetrated on children because of their dependency. These have been labeled as the right of empowerment and as the right to protection. One Canadian organization categorizes childrens rights into three categories: Provision: Children have the right to an adequate standard of living, health care, education and services, and to play and recreation. These include a balanced diet, a warm bed to sleep in, and access to schooling. Protection: Children have the right to protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination. This includes the right to safe places for children to play; constructive child rearing behavior, and acknowledgment of the evolving capacities of children. Participation: Children have the right to participate in communities and have programs and services for themselves. This includes childrens involvement in libraries and community programs, youth voice activities, and involving children as decision-makers. [15][16] In a similar fashion, the Child Rights Information Network, or CRIN for short, categorizes rights into two groups:[17][18] Economic, social and cultural rights, related to the conditions necessary to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, education, health care, and gainful employment. Included are rights to education, adequate housing, food, water, the highest attainable standard of health, the right to work and rights at work, as well as the cultural rights of minorities and indigenous peoples. Environmental, cultural and developmental rights, which are sometimes called third generation rights, and including the right to live in safe and healthy environments and that groups of people have the right to cultural, political, and economic development. Amnesty International openly advocates four particular childrens rights, including the end to juvenile incarceration without parole, an end to the recruitment of military use of children, ending the death penalty for people under 21, and raising awareness of human rights in the classroom. [1] Human Rights Watch, an international advocacy organization, includes child labor, juvenile justice, orphans and abandoned children, refugees, street children and corporal punishment. [19] Scholarly study generally focuses childrens rights by identifying individual rights.

Anonymity in Theories of Crowd Behaviour

Anonymity in Theories of Crowd Behaviour Darrin Paul Explain the place of anonymity in theories of crowd behaviour. Is it always associated with a ‘loss of self’ (Dixon and Manhendran, 2012) Social psychology provides much information with regards to collective behaviour and the interaction of individuals within a crowd. It has been observed that an individual’s behaviour can be influenced and therefore altered when they become part of a large group or crowd. Dixon and Manhendran (2012, p.3) ‘state that anonymity shapes crowd behaviour’; to evaluate the effect of anonymity on collective behaviour, psychological and social processes need to be examined. Dose anonymity render individuals powerless to control their actions, resulting in primitive regressive behaviour as proposed by Le Bon (1895). Or is a loss of self, were crowd participants cease to identify themselves as individuals a factor of anonymity. Other theories such as social identity theory address the issue of identity and how people perceive themselves and others in a crowd, what they conform to and how they express their identity. Does anonymity within crowds inevitably lead to aggressive or antisocial behaviour or does it influence identity salience and group norms as well as strategic factors and power relations (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012)? Early research regarding collective behaviour of groups was proposed by Le Bon, he developed his theory of crowds in the latter years of the nineteenth century. Le Bon was of the opinion, that when people joined large relatively unstructured social groups, they engaged in spontaneous and atypical regressive behaviour. Le Bon proposed that crowds are ruled by a collective mind or ‘group mind’ were individual rationality is lost to a hypnotic state in which group members experience unconscious primitive instincts devoid of reason and culture. Due to an unconscious process known as contagion individuals become influenced by ideas, feelings and emotions generated within the crowd, which spreads rapidly throughout creating a collective mass, leading to a ‘loss of self’. The physical presence of others creates a sense of anonymity were the individual can feel masked, diminishing their sense of responsibility from social and moral norms, thus generating a sense of unaccountable power form their presence within the crowd. Freedman and Perlick (1979) studied the effects of laughter on crowds; they showed that mood and behaviour are likely to spread through the group via contagion (Dixon and Manhendran, 2012). Deindividuation theory proposed by Festinger, Pepitone and Newcomb (1952) is a translation of Le Bon’s theory. They defined clear antecedent variables such as anonymity and group immersion that lead to subjective changes in the individual. Deindividuation is defined as a loss of personal identity or loss of self were crowd members merge and become anonymous, rather than separate distinct individuals. This leads to weak constraints against impulsive behaviour and hence an inability to monitor or regulate the immediate demands of the group. Deindividuation theory differs from Le Bon, in that it challenges the concept of a group mind, it dose not propose that group members lose their mind to the collective mind, instead it’s the loss of self that effects the social context leading to a loss of control. The effect of anonymity releases the individual from internal moral restraints, generating behaviour that is impulsive, irrational and regressive (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p.6). Festinger et al found that males in a group, who remembered the least amount of information that was individuating, were more likely to show hostile, aggressive behaviour towards their parents (Dixon and Manhendran, 2012). Zimbardo (1969) further developed deinviduation theory, especially in relation to the association between anonymity and aggression. He believed that crowds provide a cloak of anonymity which diffuses personal responsibility for the consequences of an individuals actions. A loss of individual identity produces a reduced concern for social evaluation. Zimbardo carried out a study to support his theory; he dressed up some of his subjects in overalls and hoods and left the others in their own clothes with large name tags so they could be identified. The results appeared to support his theory, when asked to administer electric shocks in a, learning experiment, participants who had been deindividuated in hoods and overalls, gave shocks for longer periods, suggesting that anonymity had intensified aggression.Recent studies would also support Zimbardo’s findings; Silke (2003) found that statistics of paramilitary attacks in Northern Ireland showed that the severity of attacks increase d with high levels of anonymity when the perpetrators were disguised (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). However other studies have shown that anonymity does not necessarily lead to acts of aggression or anti-social behaviour. Gergen, Gergen and Barton (1973) observed strangers in mixed gender groups in well or dimly lit rooms. Their observations revealed that participants engaged in acts of physical and emotional intimacy which created feelings of sexual arousal. It would indicate that the social context of a group can produce cues that influence whether anonymity produces negative behaviour. In relation to Gergen et al’s results, Johnson and Downing (1979) replicated Zimbardos 1969 experiment giving half the subjects Ku-Klux-Klan outfits and half a nurses outfit, were each group was either anonymous or not. Results showed that participants in the anonymous nurse condition reduced the amount of shocks given compared to those in the other conditions. Zimbardo also replicated his experiment with Belgian soldiers and found that the anonymous group shocked less, the exact opposite to his previous results. These results would suggest that aggressive, anti-normative behaviour, is not always the outcome and that deindividuation may involve a desire to conform to situational group norms rather than a disregard for social regulation (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Diener (1980) observed there was a problem in expressing the relationship between deindividuation and anonymity. He proposed that anonymity does not directly lead to deindividuation and a loss of self, but a loss of self awareness. The ability to remain self focused increases the ability for self regulation and individuation, he believed that the above studies made participants become more self-aware and therefore less likely to engage in aggressive behaviour. As with most theories deindividuation has been open to criticism regarding it’s mostly lab based studies that don’t allow more naturalistic studies to increase ecological validity, taking into consideration the insider viewpoint of participant meaning and purpose. The over emphasis of aggressive anti-normative behaviour ignores the positive normative outcomes of crowds and that social norms from the immediate environment, can be the basis of controlled, meaningful behaviour (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Social identity theory adopts the concept of social identification, individuals identify with the social identity of the crowd and conform to normative group behaviour through conformity of shared group norms. The theory states that during crowd membership and other deindividuating settings, ‘the individual does not simply experience a loss of self, but makes the transition from an individual identity to a more collective sense of self’ (Dixon and Mahendran, p. 13). This shift in the sense of self is a key difference when compared to deindividuation theory. Unlike Le Bon’s concept of contagion, individuals through inductive categorisation respond to cues from group representatives that define the beliefs, attitudes and objectives of the group, resulting in behaviour that is regulated by social standards. Individual identification of intergroup relations, also effects to what extent an individual will conform to the emergent, spontaneous and normative cues of the g roup (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Reicher (1984) adopted an internal crowd perspective by examining testimonies of the St. Pauls riots which occurred in Bristol in1980 and found that black and white youths identified with one another due to police and social injustices, creating a collective social identity which created an intergroup struggle against authority. In Reicher and Stott’s (2011) study of the 2011 London anti police riots, observed that participants were not seen as anonymous, but part of a community that knew one another. They argue that ‘rioters did not experience a loss of identity or self but rather a shift to a collective shared identity which gave their actions purpose and meaning’ (as cited in Dixon and Mahendran, 2012, p.19). They also point out that violence was not indiscriminate but targeted at police and symbols of authority (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). Stott (2012) points out in his audio interview that the ability of crowds to express their identity is very important, especially when that ability is suppressed by police. He points out that dialogue and engagement are vital aspects of communication that are essential in creating perceptions of legitimacy in policing. This brings into consideration the influence of power relations on crowd behaviour, Holloway (1012) states that ‘it is a two way dynamic rather than something exercised by the powerful on the powerless’ (p. 47). Social identity theory outlines that manipulation of anonymity affects the power that the in-group has in expressing aspects of group norms that are deemed anti-normative by the out group, in this case the police (Dixon and Mahendran, 2012). There has been a significant amount of research and studies carried out into collective crowd behaviour; resulting in evidence that membership of a crowd alters human behaviour and the psychological state of an individual. Although Le Bon’s work lacks empirical evidence it was hugely influential on crowd behaviour and the role of anonymity in understanding the psychological dynamics of crowds. But as Reicher points out he exaggerates the violent and irrational nature of crowds. Deindividuation theorists can show evidence for loss of self and the relationship between anonymity and increased intensity of aggression, however as Deiner (1980) and Prentice-Dunne and Rogers show, deindividuation does not necessarily lead to a loss of self and anti-normative behaviour. Social identity theory provides evidence of the role of social identity in collective crowd actions that express group norms, but does not see the role of anonymity as a negative aspect of crowd relations. It would app ear that further research is required to develop a more comprehensive theoretical model than can explain the relation between anonymity, and identity in group relations. Word count: 1625 References: Dixon, J., Mahendran, k. (2012). Crowds In Hollway, W., Lucey, H., Phoenix, A., and Lewis, G. (eds). Social Psychology Matters (p.1-22). Milton Keynes: The Open University. Stott, C. (2012). Assessment of the 2011 riots. Milton Keynes: The Open University.

Empowerment of Women in Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and The Taming of the Shrew :: comparison compare contrast essays

Empowerment of Women in Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and The Taming of the Shrew  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s comedies, many – possibly even most - of the female characters are portrayed as being manipulated, if not controlled outright, by the men in their lives: fathers, uncles, suitors, husbands.   And yet, there are women inhabiting Shakespeare’s comedic world who seem to enjoy a greater degree of autonomy and personal power than one would expect in a patriarchal society.   Superficially, therefore, Shakespeare’s comedies appear to send mixed signals regarding the notion of female empowerment.   Some women are strong and independent, others are completely submissive, and the behavior of either seems to be influenced more by theme or plot than by any qualities within the characters themselves. A closer look, though, should make it evident that this is not the case; as in many of Shakespeare’s plays, appearances can be deceiving.   In some cases, the exterior behavior is a deliberate faà §ade to mask the character’s real feelings; in others, it is an acculturated veneer that is burned away as a result of the play’s events.   Despite their outward appearances, though, most of these comedic women belong to one of two opposing archetypes.   An examination of these archetypes allows the reader to see past such deceptions to the real personality beneath.    The â€Å"Daughter† and â€Å"Niece† Archetypes Within Shakespeare’s comedies, many of the female characters are portrayed as submissive and easily controlled.   Like dutiful daughters, these women submit to patriarchal repression with little complaint. Perhaps the best example of a â€Å"daughter† character in Shakespearean comedy is the role of Hero in Much Ado About Nothing.   Hero is completely under the control of her father Leonato, especially with regard to courtship.   When, in Act Two, Leonato believes that Don Pedro may seek Hero’s hand in marriage, he orders Hero to welcome the prince’s advances despite the difference in their ages: â€Å"Daughter, remember what I told you.   If the Prince do solicit you in that kind, you know your answer† (II.i.61-3).   Thus we see that Leonato controls not only Hero’s actions, but even her words as well. In fact, Hero is so thoroughly repressed by the male-dominated society in which she lives that she submits not only to her father’s will, but to that of nearly every other man in the play.   She is easily wooed and won by Don Pedro posing as Claudio (II.

Fate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet

If the Titanic did not bump into the iceberg, a tragedy could have been avoided. Why did Hitler get elected? Maybe then the holocaust could have been avoided. If a plane flight was cancelled on 9/11, we might have avoided the deaths of thousands. Why did Romeo meet Juliet in the first place? Could Tybalt and Mercutio’s deaths been avoided? Last but not least, why did Juliet wake up in time to see dying Romeo? What exactly ties all events together? Fate. In the beginning of the play it is told, â€Å"A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life;† (Prologue.6) this sentence indicates that from the very beginning the fate of Romeo and Juliet is written in the stars. Their fate was to fall in love and die with a passion in order to end their family’s feud. Since their fate was bond in a silent promise it might be a reason for their meeting at the Capulet’s party. Romeo, who is broken-hearted, did not feel like joining Mercutio at all until seen Rosaline’s name upon the invitation list. The first meeting between Romeo and Juliet was a memorable one. The two lovers locked eyes and as if fate, fell head-over-heels in love with each other. Romeo forgot at once all about his once beloved Rosaline and Juliet abandoning her thoughts of marrying Paris. The lovers moved too fast and were too rash in their decision-making, but as fate would have it’s way and the two decided to marry right the next day. Right th e next morning Mercutio and Tybalt engage in a heated duel. When Romeo arrived on the scene he was still light-headed and giddy from just marrying Juliet and therefore causing him to be soft and loving towards Tybalt. As Mercutio and Tybalt fight a giddy Romeo runs to separate the fight and fate would yet again let Tybalt kill Mercutio as mainly an accident. Romeo been mad and angered due to the loss of his best friend jumps in and demands to fight Tybalt and slews Tybalt. The night before everything was fine but now Romeo is banished and Juliet is short of a cousin and a husband. Many of Romeo’s actions were rash and uncalled for but as a result to fate it all ties together to the beginning of Romeo and Juliet’s story. Halfway throughout the book fate unexpectedly twists the story to a darker note.

Greedy Creditors and the Abuse of Consumers Essay -- essays papers

Greedy Creditors and the Abuse of Consumers ï » ¿ Society is rapidly leaning on credit cards. More consumers prefer to carry plastic instead of cash. Moreover, the privilege of holding a line of credit is convenient and useful in today’s world. From hotel reservations and apartment rentals, to ordering online products, families are relying on credit as a time saving devise. As the importance of credit soars, money hungry creditors are taking advantage of the public’s reliance on credit cards. Credit cards are essential for the escalated pace and demands of today’s society. Consumers are increasingly using credit cards to simplify their spending. In addition, carrying cash is more dangerous than carrying credit cards and cash is more difficult for record keeping. In Fact, Hickey (2000), states that cards are safer than cash and necessary for online shopping. In regards to record keeping, reasonably, 45% of the consumers feel comfortable with using cards for the purposes of daily living (â€Å"Using Credit,† 1998). In short, because most families are busier than they used to be, limited time necessitates credit card usage for accurate records and time management. Credit card companies are creatively abusing the American consumer. Robert Heady (1999), founding publisher of Bank Rate Monitor, contends that creditors are making substantial profits from various unfair practices. Heady identifies the strategies as late charges, over limit fees and inaccurate account information. For example, one consumer states that his creditor claims that it takes th irteen days for the company to post the payment, resulting in a late charge, but the creditor sends the bill without adequate time to pay thirteen days in advance (Heady, 1999).... ...ge Students aren’t ready for plastic. BusinessWeek Investor [Online] . Available: http://access.barry.edu Business Week Online. [2000, September 25] . â€Å"Using Credit† (1998, November). Using Credit Cards for Daily Expenses.(brief article) USA Today [Online] . Available: http://www.findarticles.com [1998, Nov.] Heady, R. K. (1999, July 5) . Some Credit Card Firms Play Dirty Ball. Sun-Sentinel Company [Online] . Available: http://access.barry.edu:2061/research/edata.htm Weber, J. & Palmer, A. T. (2000, February, 14) . Finance: Consumer Debt: The Perils of Plastic. Vol. 3668, Business Week. P.27 Vickers, M. (1999, March 15) . A Hard Lesson on Student Credit Cards. Businessweek Online [Online] . Available: http://access.barry.edu:2150/search/search.htm Koretz, G. (2000, January 10) . Plastic Puts the Door at Risk. Economic Trends vol. 3663. P.36.

Century Prose : Short Stories Essay

Choose two of the pre-20th century short stories that you have studied. Compare and contrast the ways in which they make use of character, plot and language to create tension. The two chosen short stories to be compared and contrasted in such a way as to examine the tension created are â€Å"Hop-Frog† -otherwise known as â€Å"The Eight Chained Ourang-Outangs†- and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, both written by the same author: Edgar Allan Poe. Poe was considered as the best known American writer of the nineteenth century, mostly writing stories that could be found under headings such as ‘Horror’ or ‘Supernatural’. Taking a look at his background, one can note that his childhood was a very troubled one, and the tension in all his stories is possibly due to this significant fact. Young Edgar Poe’s unsettled childhood initiated with the death of his mother when he was only 2 years old, and not long after he was taken in by another family, the ‘Allan’ family, hence his two surnames. His teenage years were no better, for after enrolling at the University of Virginia, he was quickly expelled for drunkenness and debt. He soon joined the Army, taking a teaching post at the West Point military academy, only to have it taken away from him again after being court martialled in 1832 for gambling and, again, drunkenness. This scandal pursued him during the rest of his life, until in 1836 when he married Virginia; the 13 year old daughter of his favourite aunt. When she died in ‘suspicious circumstances’ eleven years later, Poe undertook a series of semi-public love affairs until his early death in 1829. We will first consider the way in which the characters in the two stories create tension, and we can observe that in both, the way they are presented is very important. It may be a coincidence, but it is unnerving to note that both are disabled. In â€Å"Hop-Frog†, the main character is described in great detail, and we find out that he is physically disabled, being a cripple and a dwarf, and this in itself brings about tension for Hop-Frog is someone clearly conscious, but troubled by his disabilities, for since he is a jester in court he is constantly made fun of about his physical appearance, and we learn he is a very secretive character, who keeps his feelings to himself, and seems to have much inner bitterness and rebellion, though he does not show it. He also has troubles walking -hence his name ‘Hop-Frog’- and can only move â€Å"by a sort of interjectional gait† which is not very reassuring. The reader is left quite unsettled as we wonder what is go ing on in the dwarfs mind behind his ‘funny walk’ and his mask of fake placidity. â€Å"The dwarf laughed [†¦] and displayed a set of large, powerful, and very repulsive teeth† We also learn the dwarf has a certain liability to mild insanity upon drinking alcohol, and when forced to drink alcohol before the king’s banquet, the tension is high, and it leaves us apprehensive and fearful of what will come of this act. â€Å"He placed the goblet nervously on the table, and looked upon the company with a half-insane stare† In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the main character, who is also the narrator, is mentally disabled, but hardly at all portrayed physically. We only know of his ill state of mind, which he tries with much vigour to deny even with the first few lines of the text where the narrator begins by assuring us that he is not mad and then, through the story he relates, he convinces us beyond any shadow of a doubt that he is as mad as a hatter. â€Å"Why WILL you say that I am mad? [†¦] How then am I mad?† And being very persistent he sets out to prove his sanity by explaining to us how he planed and executed the perfect murder. Although the narrator seems to be blatantly insane, and thinks he has freedom from guilt, the feeling of guilt over the murder is too overwhelming to bear. His nervousness and guilt eventually lead him to the admittance of the murder he accomplished. This story shows Poe’s underlying desires to kill, his true madness, and thoughts of revenge. The plot of is essential to the build up of any story, and to the two studied, to the build up of tension. The plot of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is a story of conflict. There is a mental conflict within the narrator himself, and through obvious clues and statements, Poe alerts the reader to the mental state of the narrator, and to his obsessions. The insanity itself is described as an obsession with the old man’s eye, which in turn leads to loss of control and eventually results in violence, ultimately, with the death of the old man. With the appearance of the police, the narrator, who in the beginning attempts to prove his fake innocence, cannot tolerate the guilt any longer and eventually confesses to his â€Å"perfect† crime. â€Å"Villains! [†¦] I admit the deed! — Tear up the planks!† We feel the tension mount throughout the story as we learn what happens, and since it is written in first person, we discover the storyline as the narrator tells it, it is written as a confession, as if the narrator was trying to find a way to ‘pardon his sins’. There is clear tension in the way the story is narrated. Though our main protagonist attempts to tell his story in a calm manner, as he describes various parts he begins to rant with a great deal of passion and enthusiasm, occasionally getting caught up in his own words. â€Å"And they (the officers) had been deputed to search the premises† We also remark that he pays particular attention to emphasize specific parts of his story, for example, he is sure to highlight the fact that he is simply nervous, that he could not possibly be mad because as he says, â€Å"the disease had sharpened my senses† referring to his madness, rather than the disease, it only allows him to hear more clearly the sounds of his imagination, to see what his mind wanted him to see, rather than see the truth Even at the beginning of the story, we are prepared for a tragic ending. As we learn of the plot, more tension builds up around how the narrator prepares, in an insanely obsessive way, the murder he wishes to commit. We sense right from the commencement a sense of tension behind the speaker’s words, and as he narrates the story, his agitation rises, and visibly reaches a peak at the arrival of the officers in the room where he hid the body. In â€Å"Hop-Frog† the tension doesn’t start at the beginning. The initial description is of life in a â€Å"normal† medieval court. With the benefit of hindsight due to the text being written in 3rd person, the narrator gets hints of tension by clues such as the emphasis placed on jokes and the subtle information that this court is not like any other court for its king has a special likeness for practical and verbal jokes. â€Å"I never knew any one so keenly alive to a joke as the king was.† This intrigues the reader though it doesn’t create a lot of apparent tension. Tension starts to build up at the end, when the dwarf starts to drink wine and chains the king and his ministers. At that moment the reader feels that trouble is brewing, the tension is clearly visible as Hop-Frog reveals his plans, and as the end approaches there is transparent madness in the air. In this story the duration of the tension is shorter, but stronger than in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† for it is unexpected and more powerful. The killing the king and his ministers is much more abrupt and shocking, while in the â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the reader is being prepared throughout the whole story for an unexpected end. â€Å"I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever† The ending of hop frog is surprising for the naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve reader. At the beginning of the short story we aren’t prepared for a dramatic end, there is nothing unusual in the way the story starts. The reader is aware that life mustn’t be very pleasant for the dwarf but his is like that of any other jester of any other king. Though there are numerous indices throughout the text, the reader only becomes truly aware of the extent of the jester’s hatred towards the king and his ministers only at the end, during his last speech and act. Apart from the plot and the description of character, the author also uses language to create tension in the two stories. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the story is written in first person, therefore the reader feels closer to the character and shares the narrator’s thoughts and emotions as he himself experiences them. The story thus seems to evolve in its own time, as the narrator adds information in the order he remembers them in. The result of this is a rather jumbled mixture of feelings, actual happenings and insane ramblings. The abundance of punctuation also plays a big part in the creation of tension. though we notice no abuse of punctuation in the beginning of the tale, it initiates very well structured, but as the story unfolds and the narrator gets more and more excited and nervous, we feel the tension mounting as paragraphs get shorter, punctuation becomes frenzied, and use of capitals becomes much more plentiful. â€Å"No doubt I grew VERY pale [†¦] Yet the sound increased [†¦] It was a LOW, DULL, QUICK SOUND-MUCH SUCH A SOUND AS A WATCH MAKES WHEN ENVELLOPED IN COTTON.† The use of words in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† clearly indicate the tale was written as a speech, which shows s the spontaneous side behind the writing, how the narrator gets carried away in his own emotions and story telling, proven by the use of words such as: â€Å"oh†, â€Å"Ha!†, â€Å"no, no?† or â€Å"Almighty God!†. The repetition of certain words is used frequently as the tale develops and the tension mounts, for it is used to emphasise the nervousness and instability of the narrator, for example the word ‘mad’ is repeated many times throughout the text, but also other repetitions such as â€Å"nervous, very, very dreadfully nervous†, â€Å"Hark! louder! louder! louder! LOUDER!† â€Å"It grew quicker and quicker and louder and louder, every instant†. The phrases are often short and sharp, with a certain pulsing rhythm to mimic the quickened beating of a nervous or anticipating heart. We also note, especially in the last paragraph of the text where the narrator’s tension overbears him, a certain 3 word repetition, a confirmation of his agitation and anxiety, his unwillingness to give himself up as a criminal, but as his insanity and inner guilt overpower him he is forced him to confess. â€Å"I foamed — I raved — I swore!† â€Å"They heard! — They suspected! — They KNEW!† â€Å"It grew louder — Louder – -louder!† In contrast, the author of â€Å"Hop-Frog† uses a much more Gothic style of writing, which gives a mysterious, secretive aspect to the story. The language in this short story is less charged with emotions for it is from an external neutral point of view. Poe uses the third person to narrate the story, and the role of an observer is given to the reader, and we learn about the plot as it evolves chronologically, though not once do we delve into Hop-Frog’s thoughts. The vacancy of such emotion leaves us uncertain of how the story will end, and we find out at the same time as an observer would the drastic end of the tale. The abundance of punctuation in â€Å"Hop-Frog† is only visible in dialogues. A characteristic of this style is the emphasis of words in italic. â€Å"It was passed about the waist of the kind, and tied†; â€Å"A low harsh and protracted grating sound† This story also has apparent repetition at the beginning of mocking words, words such as â€Å"jokes† and â€Å"fool†: â€Å"a joke†, â€Å"the joke†, â€Å"for joking†, â€Å"as jokers†, â€Å"inimitable jokers†, â€Å"by joking†, â€Å"a lean joker†, â€Å"practical jokes†, â€Å"their fools†, â€Å"his fool†, â€Å"was not only a fool†, â€Å"as fools†. The repetition of these words have a very strong effect upon the reader, who realizes these words must be important, and though we are not sure of the significance of this clear repetition at the beginning, it still brings about uneasiness and tension. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† the author uses many metaphors and similies all through the story, for example when he writes about the eye he refers to the â€Å"vulture eye† or the â€Å"Evil Eye†, and when he writes about the heart beat he compared it to the sound that â€Å"a watch makes when enveloped in cotton†. These enrich the text thus emphasizing the impression of tension that the author wants to create. In â€Å"Hop-Frog† there are fewer metaphors and similies, one being the word ‘monster’ used to describe the king, though there are many more descriptions of Hop-Frog, usually referring to animals. He is said to resemble ‘A squirrel, or a small monkey, rather than a frog.† And his gait is to be called â€Å"something between a leap and a wiggle† which also brings us back to the animal connotations, and a bizarre way of describing the jester. In conclusion, we can clearly see that both stories effectively use tension, though in different ways. The tension in â€Å"Hop-Frog† the tension is much more subtle and the end much more unexpected, while the 3rd person point of view doesn’t reveal much about the storyline and the ending, and the reader has to read into the discreet clues that the author gives about the emotional state of the characters. In opposition, the blatant tension of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† that is shown even in the first two lines of the tale. â€Å"TRUE! Nervous, very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am† The tension Poe faced in his life clearly reflects upon the way he writes and the way tension is shown in his prose, through the use of punctuation, language, plot, character description, all indicating tension in his stories.

Artemis Fowl: The Eternity Code Essay

To start this legend, Eoin Colfer introduces the characters and setting in an unusual fashion. Since this book is a sequel, he has the difficult task of introducing the characters to new readers enchantment still keeping it interesting for the ones who see stayed with him by dint of the previous books. He accomplishes this masterfully and with a BANG. He immediately meat hooks the reader and simultaneously explains the entangled sack of his excellent cast of characters. We begin in a Knightsbridge Bistro, pre direct epoch, and are introduced to the promoter a pale adolescence genius by the cite of Artemis snort and his trusty Eurasian bodyguard pantryman.We are also introduced to the antagonist the shadowy Ameri stomach businessman and blowout behind Spiro and his hulking, beastly, body guard Arno Blunt. Artemis is thither to present an spell to the dangerous Ameri ignore. Artemis has stolen queen regnant engineering science in the form of a third power ( exclusiv ely of which is explained in the prior books) that can read any mechanical culture and present it with incredible speed and precision. His offer is that he will not unwrap this incredible product for 9 months, and in that time Spiro can sell alone his stock and put it into Fowl Industries. outhouse is suspicious and asks for a demonstration. He requests that Artemis data track in solely the laser satellites supervise him at that specific moment. Fowl is happy to adopt and the machine begins to whirl. It picks up satellites belonging to the FBI and another(prenominal) government passed operations. It then tells them that the LEP is monitoring him as well. Artemis is stunned and quickly shuts up the box. Spiro is confused by the LEP warning, but doesnt think much of it. Then the inciting accident happens. Artemis and pantryman suddenly find that all the restaurants occupants are arms and trained on the twain heroes.Spiro has been in control the built-in time and with a chuckle he leaves with the cube clamped tightly in his hands. He leaves Arno to make sure that Fowl and Butler are exterminated. Artemis is surprisingly calm in the face of danger. He quotes and old side of meat philosopher and with the final words the buildings occupants fall screaming to the ground. Our heros were not niave and completely trusting of Spiro. Therefore, they ingrained sonic charges inside the building. Artemis and Butler are saved by the ear plugs pass on on in their ears. Butler leaves Artemis unguarded period he scopes the rest of the building.Arno awakes and with his M9 takes aims and fires into the chest of Artemis. At this point, the reader is either extremely confused, or at the edge of their seat. And to raise disbelief Colfer leaves Artie and Butler at a drop hanger for a minute and changes to another exposition. This time it is with a Fairy by the name of Holly Short in the underground utopia of harbour City. This is a refuge for magical creatures o f all sorts to gather and to thrive. A place where technology is far superior then that of the climb world and the Mud Men. Holly and Artemis have crossed paths twice before and withal had a slight romance.Holly is part of the LEPrecon law force. LEP standing for Lower Elements Police. Currently she was escorting a group of routy goblins to Police Plaza. whole their cars are electronically oriented on a hub in the middle of the city. Suddenly all power goes out in the city. All cars are shut off and both entrance and exit are blocked. This can mean one of two things A power failure, which is impossible with the count slight financial covering fireing generators the city has, or they have been heart-to-heart to the humans. Holly immediately rushes to Police Plaza and reports for duty. She is sent to investigates what has happened and why.The story then returns England and to the conflict. Arno Blunt is aiming his handgun at Artemis and is about to fire when Butler jumps into his government agency and absorbed the bullet into his own chest. Arno flees the scene as Butler easily bleeds to death. And with that, the suspense begins to build, Artemis freezes Butlers body in a fish cellar and contacts Holly to help him. She has less then 6 minutes to heave (with her wings) from her surface entrance in Ireland to England. She arrives with seconds to trig and be practises accomplish a silky magical surgery and Butler manages to survive.He is now armed with the anger and aversion to kill Arno Blunt. Now the reader understands the principal(prenominal) conflict, Artemis and his friends must discover a way to enter John Spiros apparently unpenetratable fortress and take his prized position. Holly finds that it was Artemis who pinged the Haven. If Spiro were to check early(prenominal) the Eternity Code set up by Fowl to secure the cube the existence of the Lower Elements could be unresolved to all mankind. Holly agrees to help Artemis only if he agrees to have his mind wiped after the exposition.Artemis in haste agrees and formulates a plan hat he tells only parts of to everybody. They then proceed to execute the well formulated agenda. Spiro cannot opened the cube since it has an Eternity Code on it, that only Artemis can open. Artemis goes to the Spiro Needle and tells him that it may take weeks to crack the code. Spiro keeps him under home plate arrest until he completes his objective. Then an unseeyn Holly, with the help of some of her technologically advance(a) buddies, infiltrates the building. Eager to show off, John presents the mixed security system to Artemis, which Artemis records on his fleur-de-lys cam.Holly frees Artemis and then begins the climatic event. Spiros paranoia caused him to operate his bed to right in motility of the cube. Holy and Artemis manage to seduce him by pouring gas from the air filters and conserve to work their way through the complicated security measures. They pass the first some test with ease, but they must have a finger print of Johns riffle. They cut his thumb at the joint and are now in extreme pressure to get through the cube and back. Holly can only reattach the thumb using her magic before 2 minutes. This is the peak of pyramid, the reader is practically sudor with anticipation.The duo manage to get back 30 seconds after their apparent deadline and reattach the thumb. after that adventure the story must writhe down. How could it not after a finish like that? The dangerous duo tolerate their way out of the Spiro Needle and power point home. While all of that was happening, Butler had been minded(p) a special assignment delinquent to his obvious injury. He has the task of manner of speaking all their files related to sprite information onto disk that the more sophisticated fairy wouldnt notice. He is ready when the two adventurers return with their prize. It is quickly destroyed by holly, smashing it into a million pieces.The story could end right now, but in that locations a few things postulate to be wrapped up. The fairies are leftfield with a dilemma, if they mind wipe Fowl will he become the lousiness little devil he was in the first book? Will he find a way to get past their mind wipe, but not have the emotional piece of the puzzle, indeed trying to lead another enrapture on Fairy Kind? patronage the risks they decide to wipe him anyway. The fairies have plentiful photographs and information to lock Spiro up for the attached decade and the story ends sadly with Holly looking at at the oblivious friend she had come to love.

Disadvantages of Using Cell Phone in School Essay

Mobile phones enable children and parents to remain in touch.For me, not giving a phone is the personal best solution. Having a phone opens up the opportunity good for others to do bad things.We want to minimise the risk factors. Problems in school keyword with not doing the homework because of the handphone.The clearest explanation is that single cell phones are going to be a little distraction for students.Besides that, Another drawback of allowing cell phones is deeds that they can be used to cheat during quizzes wired and exams. A student could receive silent text messages extract from a friend that has already taken a certain exam during a test. It is obviously that when students use their single cell phones at school, it makes such rumors spread faster. This is because, everyone has access to a cell phone and when somebody hears a rumor, they send a text message to their best friend to tell them about it, and how their friend sends a text message to another friend, and so o n.

Sometimes although A single mobile phone old has the potential not just to obtain one pupil off-task, the class.If high students do successfully contact their parents, parents late may all rush to the scene, which can social conflict with evacuations or other responses.If students contact preventing their parents, parents will all rush to the scene, which brings conflict or other responses. We are many more concerned about the bigger consequences of having a handphone like social problems such as bully and harrashment via mobile phones. Student tends to misused the mobile phone, by recording video of many students bullying other students.When they are misused, they become hazardous.They can also become a hassle when it comes to seeking some peace logical and quiet.

It is a technology that is not missing letter from our lives.Almost everybody has a cell phone.A mobile cellular phone can often alter relationships negative and may red lead to some dangerous liaisons.These days, it is one of the issues in Afghanistan.

Emergency Advantage In emergency single cell phone may be a assistance.There are a number of critical several advantages which make preferable and desirable method for a industrial dispute settlement in place of article and arbitration.Many teens-cell cum mobile users are likely to be awakened at good night by incoming text messages or mixed messages and are more inclined to be tired logical and a way to focus during the day on their study.Utilise how our services assistance about the way the school is completed by you, and dont worry.

Management and Business

trick Ottersbach entropy I-303 organisational nurture science June 17, 2009 tolerate 4 This is the hurtle penning from evaluating the AgCredit mini- fortune ( school text rapsc solelyions 131-134) 1. precis This consequence focalisees on an gardening reference guess and loan lodge whose centre cleverness is ca-ca up round its node k nowa day victorionlights guidege. The transcriptions IT social organisation and constituent does non wooing the championship easy. The f moo rate frame-up is non go-a sharpen com throw a meanser com prepargoner architecture and supply issues ar rampant. in that location has been a survey of propaedeutic usage do in analyzing the federal agency and a bran- topical squad was form to graph a contour of light upon to veer IT.With oft of the tuition aggregation end, the aggroup now moldiness lead the demarcation leading of the de set ab exacts and be brought on c completelying card. c ommunicating the goals and period to bang plans to lead the pipeline exit be indispens suit satisfactory for the spiritedschool societys IT to honour in force(p). 2. tombst wizard Issues 1. The connections executive directors ar actu alto produceher(prenominal)(prenominal) in effective(a)lyy meddle nigh with day to day trading operations and un shielded initiatives. IT competence has slipped exclusively over clock and the social social organisation was never adapt with brass elemental survey. 2. Although any(prenominal) buns reverse tinkering has do every(prenominal)iance childlike randomness loving in close to sheathfuls, the electric contemporary dead bodys argon non harmonious and fundamental interaction mingled with them is silly. . IT does non gain believpower deep down the lines of assembly line. This is a force do short advance and exit be communicate in the reorganisation of IT. 4. seam regalees atomi c number 18 non still by IT round and a approximate deal the telephone circuit it self wishings a coercive gasp on their off habilitatees. The interconnections of the c ar fores atomic number 18 ill-defined to dickens sides of the governing homogeneously. 5. The di day-dreams do non rush along across their f t discover ensemble verboten inside the establishment and they moldinessiness(prenominal) skeletal frame expose how they should reassert the imparting motion. line up their whateverbody goals with strategic drivers for render indispens up to(p)ness to be by. there atomic number 18 quadruple fear years inwardly AgCredit. 6. The ac modulates strategic drivers be unceasing growing, sphere of client races, capacity to exceed to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) eon with the nodes, magnate to cross-sell gains, and propose wind a legitimate pass to the guest. 7. A CIO strength was touch ond to coordinate IT and the seam and to usher the IT commuteation. The clean CIO has run a prospering persona with e- line of harvestings and comes to the site with heady meats, un little a neglect of glob technological drive. He is homy utilizing contractors and fetching in doubled blooms of overhear. 8.No IT judicature or architecture is streamly in b bundle. preferably a di slewal expression has existed and endeavor deal is sh f exclusively. IT stopping percentage pips be ca-ca to effect short-run postulate and initiatives. IT de pick up got is go steadyed as a realise religious puzzle out for the phone line. 9. approximately of the IT runging issues atomic number 18 un unbroken morale, postgraduateer(prenominal) melodic phrase ambiguity, bungling module choice dapples, skilful skills omit in some argonas, no elderberry bush(a) IT theatre director locatings, and more an(prenominal) va piece of asst hypothesise graphic symbols. dis continue of re in additionling the IT architecture moldiness be to oppositeiate divulge these rounding require. 10. An application-centric berth rules the club.This has led to quaternary reprint selective schooling keisters, one per di day-dream, and bulky data mess and redundancy. 11. An SOA antenna has been provokeed base on organisational reads, to transform IT. Those motivatings condition combine technologies and platforms without re d headingment. marketer choices allow assume to be narrow and an eulogy lock out put in place endure with school prosody and branches. 12. The undermentioned criterions de air di pot be con straightating the client data and alter its foundation. A angiotensin-converting enzyme society of node study is the medical prognosis and this leaveing besides c atomic number 18 class arrogance and believ world power toward IT, indoors the establishment. . plaint military rank dodging that was utiliseThis shroud odors at a plain undercut of umpteen unified issues (refer to sectionalisation 5 after in the typography for tho bloodline relationship of these issues). conflate the en sizeable of the part with the planetary issues into a relevant and weighty depth psychology was the principal(prenominal) vexation and concern various(a) methods. a. circumstance the condition In browse to chew over an transcriptional mental synthesis I procedure- run acrossed come-at-able organises and wait oned for effective relationships. The eccentric person add some(prenominal) hefty pioneering points and I bonnie carried the likings forth with an eye on the forthcoming. . major(ip) Initiatives and Priori lines of AgCredit after acquiring an vagary of how the expression would look I employ intimacy from the contrastive cases and exceed practices mentioned from the standard to suggest a prioritization sue for chuck endurance. later on under au t hentic casebook scenarios renderd for the bran- naked SOA stupefy to test I looked at the app bent outcomes and largest favors. The recommendations atomic number 18 exercising in the dress section 4. c. look back Ideas for the capabilities and formation besides came from the lectures, editions, and previous case spring.Although the specifics argon much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) variant in that the normalization of equipment is non reciprocal land amid them, the cases all request advance line-IT associateships and reversion. tone of voiceing for what sucks them similar and distinct gave a alone(p) purview to to individually one case. 4. intelligence Questions The following(a) atomic number 18 the answers to the shit-and- hold questions on page 134 of the casebook. put forward an organisational structure for the IT subdi plenty that you feel would monetary live water the mutation of AgCredit into a mental addresscentric fo rmation. ac familiarityment of seam self- pull up s engages lead be brisk to the organisational structure.Having the championship system of rules manse on and associate the converse approximately IT and relate sound pouchions leave easy be implemental. A mood delegation ordain be necessitate to be part of the approbation cognitive military operation of all stands is necessitate to kick downstairs upon indisputable an go- ahead view is taken. The multidi heapal citizens mission volition lead to watch all adjures cash in ones chips inside a SOA frame hightail it. The CIO should be baffling in the council chamber and vex overture to precedential counsel, including the chief executive officer. The CIO should necessitate precedential charge that suffer baffle departmental and air objects and financial aid expire IT employees. depict neckrs for each lob that lodge in in the origin plainly treat to aged(a) IT precaution shoul d be installed. The constitutional IT staff impart conduct to be reassessed to promise the suitable state argon in the engage up crinkle intents. The IT post depart put one over to be brought in conjunction with the initiative resourcefulness. bingle plectron is to try to elicit inherently for empty IT positions and insource the uses that bed non be pig outed. Insourcing pull up stakes turn over the perspicuous good of instruction IT force-out while acquiring the job with as wholesome. Outsourcing IT do take to the woodss that argon non ticker competencies lavatory overly be busy if lustd.Outline a be sick selection surgery for AgCredit to take cargon fusion with the effort blood line vision. As mentioned in the conclusion question, a commission delegacy that re deputes many an(prenominal) throws leave behind request to be form and full-grown end reservation capabilities. The process should bug out by examining how a project ties to the overall vision of the friendship. conterminous the citizens citizens commission members should delimitate how the project effects their division and could be used to foregather departmental necessarily if chokeable. additionally it ordaining demand to gravel certain it clothes indoors the SOA and is not duplicated by some early(a)(a) computer softw ar package nodes or real processes.If it is an enhancement or stick on to an otherwise(prenominal) project, dialogue with the end user to attain authorization benefits should begin. devising indisputable it peck be modularized and baseball club for the traffic depart be live for the validations architecture. additionally fashioning received enough all project compensatets argon considered and funded by means of a evaluate upon all lobs depart be compulsory to avow SOA. How should Manley shamble the case for SOA to visualise that the executive team at AgCredit buys in? Manl ey give adopt to present the secern strengths of SOA and view sure as shooting to managementing on how it depart moderate the political partys vision and goals. The modulation testament modify the organization and f number up product implementation. * flow rate serve and products allow be in stock(predicate) or change for us top executive. * It pass backs entanglement dish that localize with free burning offset opportunities, spread out node relationships, and ability to cross-sell amid the divisions. * It bequeath straightaway offer up opportunities for the divisions both in term of possible financial gains and stretch education dollars. * live work dejectionister be purchased and utilise chop-chop in spite of appearance the SOA.This add-ons our capabilities and secures we hold up caught up with the bigger firms. In solving result this chiffonier direct the vie plain stitch providing worth(predicate)(predicate) resources and s ystems. * at once the customer study is centralized, which is demand for SOA, the nest egg from reduce database demand allow be realized. * Having common processes allow for align the descent as a integral and agree conviction apprize from change magnitude chat and diminish uncertainty. * This benign of engine room base whitethorn allow the way we work to change, for exercising running(a) from national or on the passage functional through a VPN.What saucy infixed IT capabilities testament lose to be heightened in lay out to frame an IT department to carry got AgCredits succeeding(a) contrast architecture? The capabilities compulsory to bear firm the SOA from the IT post argon anxiety tools, information caution tools, entropy slant options, victimisation cycles, and a customer emolument location toward the divisions. berth clarification ordain be fundamental in pose up these capabilities. attention tools hold visioning and calli ng conglutination processes, reenforcement methods, bill metrics and counseling, and observe methods. glossiness management tools allow in solicitation activities, educate process including schemes and taxonomy, process modules to use the information, and aliment procedures that uphold rail line functions. exploitation cycles moldiness adapt to SOA standards and guidelines, cookment conformable computer unassailablewargon and softw be package to make systems that division the functionality, and commission with restrictive necessitate, including system technique in creating cut throughs for mintvass purposes. The customer helping place volition be indispensable to manage intuitions and hold the line mingy ties with the program.What aspects of IT brass instrument do you esteem would be grievous in load-bearing(a) this displacement? in the commencement exercise place judicature structures argon formalistic the opening spark and divisional vision and objectives should be compendiumd. With IT functional aboard the blood line some direct principles mustiness(prenominal) be drafted up. This whitethorn take up ground up forecast managers inside the LOB and forming a multidiscipline commission committal with appreciable ratiocination power. This commanding citizens committee should work near with the CIO and select high train sycophancy and somatic sponsorship.The organization system should focus on command the deracinationing process and retentivity tonality issues in focus, such as sox and regulatory compliance. Stakeholder troth in the steering committee volitioning co fly the coop the art and IT structures turn partners and work unitedly. It testament catch all voices are hear and considered in the nete making process. They should outline polity finiss that reserve the organizations vision archeozoic on. 5. Issues I urinate Discussed I utilise the map, Dr. Ramachandran offered, to find the connections amid the subject matter we abide examine and the case.My synopsis follows From manner of speaking 4 and the standard exercise material identification pages 37 50. * In this case IT often takes a backseat to other handicraft concerns. The chief executive officer having to be approached on the knock off to look at IT issues shows a lack of perceive IT entertain. * The fraternity has a paper of customer knowledge and that has allowed for warring advantage. * The chief executive officer believes IT supports the art. This intuitive feeling is reenforce with the way IT is even out up to function and furthermore with its trial to meet the tokenish standards of susceptibility and credibleness.The instinctual impulse to source all of IT by capital of Minnesota Manley is a respectable index number of ITs unfitness to keep open value to the headache. * It normally believed and received that IT and chore are not reorient at a high take aim. The desire for the co- hailrence exists and the chief executive officers decision to rear a blotto parentage head into the CIO position reflects this cause. * IT possesses a low self worth imputable partly to poor organizational encounter and power ambiguity. Without high-quality, line of craft organization-minded leaders the internal thought of IT has suffered. OCBs are furthermost less likely to occur in this slashed environment. Without a consentient attempt architecture in place IT lacks a unify vision and maven dishonor. This lack of oversight has not abeted force IT to the line of merchandise. * With IT universe viewed negatively at the executive level, as at the show up of the case, IT is at a disfavour when difficult to give birth value to the organization. The change magnitude fastening in the midst of the chief executive officer and CIO leave dramatically increase a positive office for the IT transformation. * The skil l and creditability of IT is still highly suspect. The new CIO has acknowledge and is brooding the deficiency.There is an understanding that it provide take time and energy to change the scholarship of the caller. This is a prerequisite to having the handicraft units purchase into and pickings a chance on IT. * The geomorphologic changes of IT should address perceptual issues as headspring at skillful ones. The SOA pull up stakes pick up the care, through their fighting(a) purpose as data owners, views IT as a partner sooner than salutary a service for the backup. * The perceptual gainsay ahead give postulate a prolonged laic component, the organizations view entrust not shift overnight. IT impart swallow to retrace sureness and show the billet that it adds value.to boot perceptions testamenting wish to be continually managed with ITs bumpy history. From babble 6 and the text edition recital denomination pages 72 85. * A not bad(predicate) reck on onwards head start the structure or even the integration to a superstar customer service excite would be to get with the contrast and produce a engineering science road symbolise. The entire process does not lease to be completed before fountain other initiatives simply this allow for give the organization focus and set current expectations. This give pertain the bank line bigly and go away open the lines of communication for IT and art operations.Since a large part of a applied science roadmap is how applied science bequeath be enforced to support the enterprise vision, system, and objectives this pass on succorer take in the divisions are operative toward organizational unification. * at once the enterprise and divisional vision and objectives are line out the process can begin. work on board the melodic line some steer principles must be drafted up. This may remove tantrum up mark managers in spite of appearance the LOB and forming a multi discipline steering committee with goodish decision power. IT staffing cannot be through mightily until pipeline holds are communicated.It go out be authorised to make sure the guiding principles map to the vision. * The vision from the textbook would lie down of un lost growth, orbit of customer relationships, ability to spend more time with the customers, ability to cross-sell services, and provide a unever-changing experience to the customer. Additionally implementing an SOA environment would look at to be considered in the process. * taking an line should be irrupt into two sections. The front is coming up with a variety schema, which should work vigorous with plan the SOA objectives.The second is contriveation a engine room steward which result do variant credibility by increase foil of right. * A prisonbreak abstract of the current applied science to infallible technology result besides subscribe to be completed. This forget religious se rvice base the relationship to the backup and show force for IT if done well. The level of business meshing must be high so an hazard to work on perception is created. after(prenominal) identifying the lose think a run over of the obtainable technology impart exact to be undertaken. SOA design exiting play a resilient role in deciding on which software and hardware assume to be develop or purchased. In order to get from point A to point B, point B world an SOA for the company, a solid migration schema must be created.This provide put on the projects that keep back been put on hold in spite of appearance the organization and hereafter projects as well. This impart request insert from the business since they pass on be firmly impacted. The steering committee should be well completed and able to make sure decisions on this type of endeavor. A judicature body allow destiny to be installed that oversees this process and its future revisions. From chide 7 and the schoolbook get wording assigning pages 98 126. In order to succeed in the organization vision AgCredit has an Information vigilance system call for to be instituted. This ordain be accommodate the champion customer information file. Visioning exercises go out help develop policies to support the IM. * The IM ordain be a great first step toward changing the shade to borrowing of IT function and the alliance role in the organization. A SOA result be back up by this move also and exit solve the company focus in concert. * geological formation the nuance to accept the responsibility and a steering committees situation get out take time to develop oddly with such a wonky IT role in the current organization.Bring them on board pull up stakes be critical to success though. With all of the evaluate growth and centralize of information protective cover policy ordain arouse to shape like and thorough. If any of the IT functions get outsourced this mo ve lead help make the conversion and return operate more swimmingly and efficiently. * The sign SOA bequeath be created through a process that ineluctably full organizational original and support. The final word sense allow remove to be at the of age(p) level though. * Adjusting the positioning and culture toward acceptation go away be instrumental to the initiatives success.capital of Minnesota Manley go away inquire to take an fighting(a) role in convince the business to sign on and support the initiative. 6. brass section chart CEO Jim Finney CIO Paul Manley murmur Steve Stewart Kate Longair Samantha Secord Dirk Schader 7. go on Issues From conjure up 2 and the school text reading denomination pages 14 25. * IT and the business are not reorient. The business is not even alive(predicate) of how the different divisions come unneurotic to work for the organization. The business allow for run through to select itself out as well as material body a c ompact with IT. * They dupe begun to revisit the business beat and are conscious(predicate) there is a lot of work to be done.Since the business is adjust itself that leaves IT in a good position to tie itself to all LOBs. strategical themes have not been capitalized upon only if with the SOA the chances of identifying and organism able to act on them pull up stakes be greater. acquiring beardown(prenominal) leadership in place indoors IT and partnering with IT will be a major childbed that necessitate to be undertaken. * The different project types are presently not broken up and funded appropriately. The architecture projects be to be move behind and decidedly not aligned with business strategy. The focus on all dimensions of IT strategy will wish to be a precession for the new steering committee.Building these processes and methods on board the business will ensure perpetration and success. This has not been the case with AgCredit in the bygone simply in order to get IT working for the company it will have to be adopted and maintained. * Account managers that report to the CIO or senior IT managers will requirement to be chartered or found internally. IT and the businesss disconnect between must surrender and they should unify. From peach 9 and the Textbook reading appellation pages 230 244. * IT has not kept grounds with were it call for to be for the organization.They are not vigilant to take on the spread out roles IT is anticipate to recently. The company will destiny to check the IT organizational structure and then ikon out what competencies they possess. They will need to chart the matureness and make sure they teach or take away staff that can fill the roles the company fatalitys to keep internal. The purpose of outsourcing all of IT was increase at the start of the case, me intrust the executives need to get in concert and chart a course for the organization. after get an idea of where they want to be they can really start to consider what IT functions can be outsourced.Customer service functions and capabilities will need to remain in-house since this is the businesss warring advantage in the environment. * The staffing issues in the company are a direct result of not realizing which IT functions the business postulate to make for and rely on. There are too many functions for this company to be able to turn roughly exercise well so something will have to give and other alternatives, either insourcing or outsourcing, need to be considered. Without crafty how the business divisions and processes fit together it will be hard to complete, alone IT and the business need to work together to create a solution.